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Invertebrate Comparison
Terminology
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Germ layer
Symmetry
Open and Closed Systems
Coelom
Cephalization
Protosome
Deuterosome
Blastopore
Compare/Contrast Table
Section 29-1
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Germ Layers
Absent
Two
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Absent
Radial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Cephalization
Absent
Absent
Present
Present
Coelom
Absent
Absent
Absent
Pseudocoelom
Early
Development
—
—
Protostome
Protostome
The Anatomy of a Sponge
Section 26-2
Water flow
Osculum
Central cavity
Pores
Choanocyte
Spicule
Pore cell
Pore
Epidermal cell
Archaeocyte
Compare/Contrast Table
Section 29-1
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Germ Layers
Absent
Two
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Absent
Radial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Cephalization
Absent
Absent
Present
Present
Coelom
Absent
Absent
Absent
Pseudocoelom
Early
Development
—
—
Protostome
Protostome
The Polyp and Medusa Stages
Section 26-3
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastroderm
Tentacles
Mesoglea
Gastrovascular cavity
Mouth/anus
Mouth/anus
Gastrovascular
cavity
Tentacles
Medusa
Polyp
Compare/Contrast Table
Section 29-1
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Germ Layers
Absent
Two
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Absent
Radial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Cephalization
Absent
Absent
Present
Present
Coelom
Absent
Absent
Absent
Pseudocoelom
Early
Development
—
—
Protostome
Protostome
The Anatomy of a Flatworm
Section 27-1
Eyespot
Ganglia
Head
Nerve
cords
Gastrovascular
cavity
Flatworms use a pharynx to suck
food into the gastrovascular
cavity. Digested food diffuses
from the cavity into other cells of
the body. Eyespots in some
species detect light.
Mouth
Excretory
system
Freshwater flatworms have
simple ganglia and nerve
cords that run the length of
the body. The excretory
system consists of a network
of tubules connected to flame
cells that remove excess
water and cell wastes.
Ovary
Testes
Pharynx
Most flatworms are
hermaphrodites, having male
reproductive organs (testes)
and female reproductive
organs (ovaries) in the same
organism.
Flame cell
Excretory
tubule
Section 29-1
Compare/Contrast Table
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Germ Layers
Three
Three
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Radial (adults)
Cephalization
Present
Present
Present
Absent (adults)
Coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
Early
Development
Protostome
Protostome
Protostome
Deuterostome
The Anatomy of an Earthworm
Section 27-3
Anus
Setae
Body segments
Gizzard Crop
Dorsal
blood vessel
Clitellum
Mouth
Brain
Ganglion
Circular muscle
Longitudinal
muscle
Nephridia
Ganglia
Ring
vessels
Reproductive
organs
Ventral
blood vessel
Section 29-1
Compare/Contrast Table
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Germ Layers
Three
Three
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Radial (adults)
Cephalization
Present
Present
Present
Absent (adults)
Coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
Early
Development
Protostome
Protostome
Protostome
Deuterostome
The Mollusk Body Plan
Section 27-4
Squid
Snail
Shell
Mantle cavity
Foot
Clam
Early
mollusk
Gills
Digestive tract
Section 29-1
Compare/Contrast Table
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Germ Layers
Three
Three
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Radial (adults)
Cephalization
Present
Present
Present
Absent (adults)
Coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
Early
Development
Protostome
Protostome
Protostome
Deuterostome
The Anatomy of a Grasshopper
Section 28-1
Compound eye
Brain
Antennae
Digestive
tract
Malpighian tubules
Heart
Reproductive
organs
Ventral View
Legs
Mouth
Salivary
glands
Anus
Ganglia
Tracheal tubes
Spiracles
Nerve
cord
Tracheal
tubes
Spiracles
Section 29-1
Compare/Contrast Table
Comparing Invertebrates
Major
Characteristics Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Germ Layers
Three
Three
Three
Three
Body
Symmetry
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bilateral
Radial (adults)
Cephalization
Present
Present
Present
Absent (adults)
Coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
True coelom
Early
Development
Protostome
Protostome
Protostome
Deuterostome
The Anatomy of a Sea Star
Section 28-4
Eyespot
Endoskeletal plates
Anus
Stomach
Digestive glands
Ring canal
Radial canal
Madreporite
Reproductive glands
Tube foot
Sucker
Invertebrate Cladogram
Section 29-1
Echinoderms Chordates
Arthropods
Annelids
Mollusks
Radial
Symmetry
Roundworms
Flatworms
Pseudocoelom
Cnidarians
Radial
Symmetry
Protostome Development
Three Germ Layers;
Bilateral Symmetry
Sponges
Tissues
Multicellularity
Single-celled
ancestor
Deuterostome
Development
Coelom
Types of Invertebrate
Skeletons
Section 29-2
Type of
Skeleton
Sponges
Hydrostatic
X
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Cnidarians
Simple
(spicules or
spongin)
Flatworms
X
Roundworms
X
Types of Invertebrate
Skeletons continued
Section 29-2
Type of
Skeleton
Hydrostatic
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Annelids
X
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Some
Some
(shells)
X
X
Invertebrate Digestive Systems
Section 29-2
Intestine
Gizzard
Crop
Mouth/anus
Pharynx
Mouth
Gastrovascular
cavity
Annelid
Anus
Gastrovascular
cavity
Cnidarian
Pharynx
Crop
Arthropod
Anus
Pharynx
Mouth
Mouth/anus
Flatworm
Stomach
and
digestive glands
Rectum
Intestine
Invertebrate Respiratory Systems
Section 29-2
Tracheal
tubes
Gill
Siphons
Movement of water
Spiracles
Insect
Mollusk
Airflow
Spider
Book
lung
Invertebrate Circulatory Systems
Section 29-2
Heartlike structure
Hearts
Small vessels in tissues
Heart
Blood
vessels
Sinuses
and organs
Heartlike
structures
Insect:
Open Circulatory System
Annelid:
Closed Circulatory System
Blood
vessels
Invertebrate Excretory Systems
Section 29-2
Flame
cells
Flatworm
Excretory
tubules
Nephrostome
Excretory pore
Flame cell
Excretory tubule
Nephridia
Digestive tract
Annelid
Arthropod
Malpighian
tubules
Invertebrate Nervous Systems
Section 29-2
Arthropod
Brain
Ganglia
Ganglia
Brain
Nerve
Cells
Flatworm
Cnidarian
Mollusk
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