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Invertebrate Comparison Terminology • • • • • • • • Germ layer Symmetry Open and Closed Systems Coelom Cephalization Protosome Deuterosome Blastopore Compare/Contrast Table Section 29-1 Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Germ Layers Absent Two Three Three Body Symmetry Absent Radial Bilateral Bilateral Cephalization Absent Absent Present Present Coelom Absent Absent Absent Pseudocoelom Early Development — — Protostome Protostome The Anatomy of a Sponge Section 26-2 Water flow Osculum Central cavity Pores Choanocyte Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte Compare/Contrast Table Section 29-1 Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Germ Layers Absent Two Three Three Body Symmetry Absent Radial Bilateral Bilateral Cephalization Absent Absent Present Present Coelom Absent Absent Absent Pseudocoelom Early Development — — Protostome Protostome The Polyp and Medusa Stages Section 26-3 Epidermis Mesoglea Gastroderm Tentacles Mesoglea Gastrovascular cavity Mouth/anus Mouth/anus Gastrovascular cavity Tentacles Medusa Polyp Compare/Contrast Table Section 29-1 Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Germ Layers Absent Two Three Three Body Symmetry Absent Radial Bilateral Bilateral Cephalization Absent Absent Present Present Coelom Absent Absent Absent Pseudocoelom Early Development — — Protostome Protostome The Anatomy of a Flatworm Section 27-1 Eyespot Ganglia Head Nerve cords Gastrovascular cavity Flatworms use a pharynx to suck food into the gastrovascular cavity. Digested food diffuses from the cavity into other cells of the body. Eyespots in some species detect light. Mouth Excretory system Freshwater flatworms have simple ganglia and nerve cords that run the length of the body. The excretory system consists of a network of tubules connected to flame cells that remove excess water and cell wastes. Ovary Testes Pharynx Most flatworms are hermaphrodites, having male reproductive organs (testes) and female reproductive organs (ovaries) in the same organism. Flame cell Excretory tubule Section 29-1 Compare/Contrast Table Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Germ Layers Three Three Three Three Body Symmetry Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Radial (adults) Cephalization Present Present Present Absent (adults) Coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom Early Development Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome The Anatomy of an Earthworm Section 27-3 Anus Setae Body segments Gizzard Crop Dorsal blood vessel Clitellum Mouth Brain Ganglion Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Nephridia Ganglia Ring vessels Reproductive organs Ventral blood vessel Section 29-1 Compare/Contrast Table Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Germ Layers Three Three Three Three Body Symmetry Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Radial (adults) Cephalization Present Present Present Absent (adults) Coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom Early Development Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome The Mollusk Body Plan Section 27-4 Squid Snail Shell Mantle cavity Foot Clam Early mollusk Gills Digestive tract Section 29-1 Compare/Contrast Table Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Germ Layers Three Three Three Three Body Symmetry Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Radial (adults) Cephalization Present Present Present Absent (adults) Coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom Early Development Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome The Anatomy of a Grasshopper Section 28-1 Compound eye Brain Antennae Digestive tract Malpighian tubules Heart Reproductive organs Ventral View Legs Mouth Salivary glands Anus Ganglia Tracheal tubes Spiracles Nerve cord Tracheal tubes Spiracles Section 29-1 Compare/Contrast Table Comparing Invertebrates Major Characteristics Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Germ Layers Three Three Three Three Body Symmetry Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Radial (adults) Cephalization Present Present Present Absent (adults) Coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom True coelom Early Development Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome The Anatomy of a Sea Star Section 28-4 Eyespot Endoskeletal plates Anus Stomach Digestive glands Ring canal Radial canal Madreporite Reproductive glands Tube foot Sucker Invertebrate Cladogram Section 29-1 Echinoderms Chordates Arthropods Annelids Mollusks Radial Symmetry Roundworms Flatworms Pseudocoelom Cnidarians Radial Symmetry Protostome Development Three Germ Layers; Bilateral Symmetry Sponges Tissues Multicellularity Single-celled ancestor Deuterostome Development Coelom Types of Invertebrate Skeletons Section 29-2 Type of Skeleton Sponges Hydrostatic X Exoskeleton Endoskeleton Cnidarians Simple (spicules or spongin) Flatworms X Roundworms X Types of Invertebrate Skeletons continued Section 29-2 Type of Skeleton Hydrostatic Exoskeleton Endoskeleton Annelids X Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Some Some (shells) X X Invertebrate Digestive Systems Section 29-2 Intestine Gizzard Crop Mouth/anus Pharynx Mouth Gastrovascular cavity Annelid Anus Gastrovascular cavity Cnidarian Pharynx Crop Arthropod Anus Pharynx Mouth Mouth/anus Flatworm Stomach and digestive glands Rectum Intestine Invertebrate Respiratory Systems Section 29-2 Tracheal tubes Gill Siphons Movement of water Spiracles Insect Mollusk Airflow Spider Book lung Invertebrate Circulatory Systems Section 29-2 Heartlike structure Hearts Small vessels in tissues Heart Blood vessels Sinuses and organs Heartlike structures Insect: Open Circulatory System Annelid: Closed Circulatory System Blood vessels Invertebrate Excretory Systems Section 29-2 Flame cells Flatworm Excretory tubules Nephrostome Excretory pore Flame cell Excretory tubule Nephridia Digestive tract Annelid Arthropod Malpighian tubules Invertebrate Nervous Systems Section 29-2 Arthropod Brain Ganglia Ganglia Brain Nerve Cells Flatworm Cnidarian Mollusk
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