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Download Unencapsulated or Incompletely Encapsulated Lymphoid Tissue
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بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم سلولها و اعضای لنفاوی مقدمه انواع پاسخ ایمنی طبیعی و اکتسابی سلولی و هومورال (مولکولهای دفاعی) CDمارکرها حاالت مختلف سلول های دفاعی غیر فعال فعال کارگزار Effector بکر Naive خاطره ای مراحل مختلف پاسخ ایمنی اختصاصی شناسایی و تشخیص فعال شدن تکثیرClonal Expantion تمایز مهاجرت مقابله و حذف فروکش شدن ایجاد خاطره بي عنايات خدا هيچيم هيچ باده غمگينان خورند و ما ز مي خوشدلتريم رو به محبوسان غم ده ساقيا افيون خويش اعضای لنفاوی • اولیه primary= Central • تیموس • مغزاستخوان • ثانویهSecondary= Perpheral • غدد لنفاوی • طحال • بافت لنفاوی مخاطی • ثالثیه Tertiary Thymus: cortex and medulla چشم ها را بايد شست جور ديگر بايد ديد Lymph Node Lymph Node Blood Flow Legend: a: arteriole b: capillary c: post - capillary venule d: muscular venule Section of a lymph node showing the cortex and the medulla 1 Capsule;2 lymphoid nodule with germinative center 3 subcapsular sinus; (4) intermediate sinus; (5) medullary cords; (6) medullary sinus; (7) trabecula. (Courtesy of PA Abrahamsohn.) دربيابان گر به شوق كعبه خواهي زد قدم سرزنشها گركند خارمغيالن غم مخور Spleen 1 • Largest lymphatic organ • Many macrophages; rbc phagocytosis • Capsule of dense irregular connective tissue w/ trabeculae dividing pulp incompletely • White pulp with lymphoid nodules • Red pulp found between sinusoids has reticular fibers, reticular epithelial cells and macrophages White Pulp • Central arteries with encircling lymphoid tissue • T cells form periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) around small arteries • Nodules are mostly B cells • Reticular epithelial cells & macrophages Red Pulp • Reticular cells with cords of cells between sinuses • Cords have macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, rbc, granulocytes • Sinuses have irregular lumen, incomplete endothelium and basal lamina Spleen white pulp with surrounding red pulp Functions of Spleen • Lymphocyte production in white pulp • RBC phagocytosis in red pulp • T and B cells involved in immune response • Blood storage; small amount in humans Red Pulp of Spleen Macrophage s Fenestrated endothelium با صد هزار جلوه برون آمدي كه من ........ MALT - I • Diffuse and solitary lymphoid nodules: a portion of GALT and all of BALT • Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue (multiple nodules) – Peyer’s patches: (a portion of GALT) • M (Microfold) cells: epithelial cells which transport antigen – Appendix (a portion of GALT) MALT - II • Partially encapsulated lymphoid tissue (multiple nodules) – Tonsils: palatine, lingual and pharyngeal (tonsils are a portion of GALT). – GALT is, therefore, any gut-associated lymphoid tissue whether it takes the form of diffuse LT, solitary lymphoid nodules, Peyer’s patches, the appendix or the tonsils. – GALT + BALT = MALT Unencapsulated or Incompletely Encapsulated Lymphoid Tissue • Lymphoid nodules • Tonsils: palatine, pharyngeal, lingual • Peyer’s patches Lymphoid Nodules • Nodules of densely packed lymphocytes located in digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract • Most lymphocytes are B cells Tonsils • Incompletely encapsulated lymphoid nodules • Palatine: covered by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium; crypts; underlying connective tissue barrier • Pharyngeal: covered by ciliated pseudostratified epithelium, no crypts • Lingual: smaller, at base of tongue; covered by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium; one crypt in each nodule Palatine tonsil Pharyngeal tonsil Peyer’s Patches • Lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of the ileum (covered in detail in the digestive tract section)
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