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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Fifth edition
Seeley, Stephens and Tate
Chapter 14: Lymphatic System
and Immunity
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 2.1
Specific Defense: The Immune
Response
 Characteristics:
Antigen specific: for a particular
foreign substance
Systemic: affects entire body
Has memory: protects against future
infection
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.24
Types of Immunity
 Humoral immunity
 Targets bacteria
 B-lymphocytes
 Cell-mediated immunity
 Targets virus infected cells, cancer
 T-lymphocytes
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.25
Antigens (Non-self)
 Any substance capable of:
 exciting the immune system
 provoking an immune response
 Any “foreign” protein
 Anything that is not “you”
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.26
Cells of the Immune Response
 Lymphocytes
 B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow
 Make plasma cells that make antibodies
 T lymphocytes mature in the thymus
 Memory Cells: from B or T cells
 Macrophages
 Arise from monocytes
 Most live in lymphoid organs
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.29
Cells of the Immune Response
Fig. 14.17b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.29
Allergies: FYI
 Some molecules are not antigenic, but
link up with our proteins
 The immune system may recognize
these as “foreign”
 The immune response is harmful in this
instance
 because it attacks our own cells
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.28
Activation of Lymphocytes; FYI
Figure 12.9
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.30
Vaccinations and Booster Shots: FYI
 Memory cells
are long-lived
 First response:
Ab production
 Secondary
response: more
Ab production
 Stronger
Figure 12.11
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.33
Antibody Structure: for Lab…
 Four peptides
linked by
covalent bonds
 Two heavy chains
 Two light chains
 Recombinant
DNA!
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 12.13b
Slide 12.38a
Organ Transplants and Rejection: FYI
 Major types of grafts
 Autografts – “self graft”, i.e., skin graft
 Isografts – tissue grafts from an identical
twin
 Allografts – tissue taken from an unrelated
person
 Xenografts – tissue taken from a different
animal species
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.46a
Organ Transplants and Rejection: FYI
 Autografts and isografts are ideal
donors
 Xenografts are never successful
 Allografts are more successful with a
closer tissue match
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.46b
Disorders of Immunity:
Immunodeficiencies (FYI)
 Production or function of immune cells
or complement is abnormal
 May be congenital or acquired
 Includes AIDS – Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.49
Autoimmune Diseases (FYI)
 The immune system does not
distinguish between self and non-self
 The body produces antibodies and
sensitized T-lymphocytes that attack its
own tissues
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.50a
Autoimmune Diseases: FYI
 Examples:
 Multiple sclerosis
 Myasthenia gravis
 Type I diabetes
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
 Glomerulonephritis
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 12.50b