Download Chapter 1 - Approaches to Psychology

Psychology
The scientific study of behavior
and mental processes
Brief History of Psychology
Ancient Greek Philosophers (5
th
and 6th centuries B.C)
Know
thyself!
Socrates (470- 399 BC)
Renaissance Scientists(15
th
and 16th centuries)
Galileo (1564-1642)
The Scientific Method: Observation and Experimentation
Enlightenment Philosophers (17th century)
I think
therefore I
am.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Mind and body connection
Phrenology (19th century)
Phrenology
• Not a real science – “pseudoscience”
• Developed by Franz Joseph Gall in Germany
• Practice of examining bumps on a person’s
skull to determine a person’s intellect and
character.
• Encouraged the scientific study of the brain’s
role in behavior.
Structuralism
Functionalism
Inheritable Traits
Gestalt
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Biological
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
The unconscious may be revealed with …
Ivan Pavlov ( 1849-1936)
• Behavior is the result of
conditioned experiences and
learning:
 Classical Conditioning
 Operant Conditioning
 Social Learning
Classical Conditioning
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Our goal: Self-Actualization
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Self-Actualization
We have the potential for personal development.
Humanistic
Our goal: Self-Actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Behavior is influenced by
various mental processes
…
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Ethnicity
The impact of biology on behavior
How the brain, nervous
system, and endocrine
system effect behavior
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Biological