Download Chapter 5 Jeopardy Game

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CHAPTER 5 - Learning
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Directions:
•
Scroll through the presentation and enter the answers (which are really the
questions) and the questions (which are really the answers).
•
Enter in the categories on the main game boards.
•
As you play the game, click on the TEXT DOLLAR AMOUNT that the
contestant calls, not the surrounding box.
•
When they have given a question, click again anywhere on the screen to
see the correct question. Keep track of which questions have already been
picked by printing out the game board screen and checking off as you go.
•
Click on the “Game” box to return to the main scoreboard.
•
Enter the score into the black box on each players podium.
•
Continue until all clues are given.
•
When finished, DO NOT save the game. This will overwrite the program
with the scores and data you enter. You MAY save it as a different name,
but keep this file untouched!
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Round 1
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Round 2
Final
Jeopardy
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More
Principles of
Classical
Classical
Conditioning Conditioning
Bonus:
Additional
Classical
Classical
Conditioning Conditioning
Principles More
of Operant Operant
C.
C.
Round 2
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Final
Jeopardy
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Scores
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$300
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$400
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$500
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$100
Relatively permanent change in
behavior acquired through
experience
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What is learning?
Scores
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The process of learning by which
a previously neutral stimulus
comes to elicit an identical or
similar response to one originally
elicited by another stimulus as
the result of the pairing of the two
stimuli.
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What is classical conditioning?
Scores
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An unlearned response to a
stimulus
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What is an unconditioned
response?
Scores
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A stimulus that elicits an
unlearned response
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What is an unconditioned
stimulus?
Scores
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A stimulus that before
conditioning does not produce a
particular response
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What is a neutral stimulus?
Scores
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An acquired or learned response
to a conditioned stimulus
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What is a conditioned response?
Scores
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A previously neutral stimulus that
comes to elicit a conditioned
response after it has been paired
with an unconditioned stimulus
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What is a conditioned stimulus?
Scores
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The gradual weakening and
eventual disappearance of a
conditioned response
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What is extinction?
Scores
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The spontaneous return of a
conditioned response following
extinction
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What is spontaneous recovery?
Scores
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The process of relearning a
conditioned response following
extinction
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What is reconditioning?
Scores
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The tendency for stimuli that are
similar to the conditioned
stimulus to elicit a conditioned
response
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What is stimulus generalization?
Scores
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The tendency to differentiate
among stimuli so that stimuli that
are related to the original
conditioned stimulus, but not
identical to it, fail to elicit a
conditioned response
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What is stimulus discimination?
Scores
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The process by which a new
stimulus comes to elicit a
conditioned response as a result
of its being paired with a
conditioned stimulus that already
elicits the conditioned response
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What is higher-order
conditioning?
Scores
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An emotional response to a
particular stimulus acquired
through classical conditioning
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What is a conditioned emotional
reaction?
Scores
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Excessive fears of particular
objects or situations
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What are phobias?
Scores
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Form of therapy that involves the
systematic application of the
principles of learning
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What is behavior therapy?
Scores
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Aversions to particular tastes
acquired through classical
conditioning
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What are conditioned taste
aversions?
Scores
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The body’s system of defense
against disease
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What is the immune system?
Scores
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3 characteristics that strengthen
conditioned responses
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What are:
1. Frequency of Pairings
2. Timing
3. Intensity of unconditioned
stimulus
Scores
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This person viewed that classical
conditioned involves a cognitive
process by which organisms
learn to anticipate events based
on cues or signals that reliably
predict the events
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Who was Robert Rescorla?
Scores
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Thorndike’s principle that
responses that have satisfying
effects are more likely to recur,
while those that have unpleasant
effects are less likely to recur
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What is the Law of Effect?
Scores
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The philosophical position that
free will is an illusion or myth and
that human and animal behavior
is completely determined by
environmental and genetic
influences
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What is radical behaviorism?
Scores
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A stimulus event that strengthens
the response it follows
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What is a reinforcer?
Scores
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The process of learning in which
the manipulation of the
consequences of a response
influences the likelihood or
probability of the response
occurring
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What is operant conditioning?
Scores
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An experimental apparatus
developed by B. F. Skinner for
studying relationships between
reinforcement and behavior
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What is the Skinner box?
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In Skinner’s view, behavior
acquired through coincidental
association of a response and a
reinforcement
Scores
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What is superstitious behavior?
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A cue that signals that
reinforcement is available if the
subject makes a particular
response
Scores
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What is a discriminative
stimulus?
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The strengthing of a response
through the introduction of a
stimulus following the response
Scores
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What is positive reinforcement?
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The strengthening of a response
through the removal of a stimulus
after the response occurs
Scores
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What is negative reinforcement?
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Reinforcers, such as food or
sexual stimulation, that are
naturally rewarding because they
satisfy basic biological needs or
drives
Scores
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What are primary reinforcers?
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Even More Operant
Operant
Condition
Contition-ing!
ing
Finally:
Operant
Conditioning
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Cognitive
Learning
Bonus:
Cognitive
Learning
Practicing
Reinforce
ment
Round 1
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Final
Jeopardy
$400
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$400
Scores
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$600
$800 $800
$800
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$800
$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000
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$200
Learned reinforcers, such as
money, that develop their
reinforcing properties because of
their association with primary
reinforcers
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What are secondary reinforcers?
Scores
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A process of learning that
involves the reinforcement of
increasingly closer
approximations of the desired
response
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What is shaping?
Scores
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The method used to shape
behavior that involves reinforcing
even-closer approximations of
the desired response
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What is method of successive
approximations?
Scores
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Predetermined plans for timing
the delivery of reinforcement
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What are schedules of
reinforcement?
Scores
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A system of dispensing a
reinforcement each time a
response is produced
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What is a schedule of continuous
reinforcement?
Scores
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A system of dispensing a
reinforcement for only a portion
of responses
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What is a schedule of partial
reinforcement?
Scores
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The learning of behaviors that
allow an organism to escape from
an aversive stimulus
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What is escape learning?
Scores
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The learning of behaviors that
allow an organism to avoid an
aversive stimulus
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What is avoidance learning?
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The introduction of an aversive
stimulus or the removal of a
reinforcing stimulus after a
response occurs, which leads to
the weakening or suppression of
the response
Scores
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What is punishment?
Scores
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The systematic application of
learning principles to stregthen
adaptive behavior and weaken
maladaptive behavior
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What is behavior modification?
Scores
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A from of behavior modification
in which tokens earned for
performing desired behaviors can
be exchanged for positive
reinforcers
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What is token economy program?
Scores
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A learned method in which
complex material is broken down
into a series of small steps that
learners master at their own pace
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What is programmed instruction?
Scores
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A form of programmed
instruction in which a computer
is used to guide a student
through a series of increasingly
difficult questions
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What is computer-assisted
instruction?
Scores
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What is one reason why parents
should not use punishment as a
method of disipline?
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What is that punishment
•Does not teach new behaviors
•Can have undesirable
consequences
•May become abusive
•May represent a form of
inappropriate modeling ?
Scores
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Schedule in which the number of
correct responses needed before
reinforcement is given varies
around some average number
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What is variable ratio schedule?
Scores
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Learning that occurs without the
opportunity of first performing
the learned response or being
reinforced for it
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What is cognitive learning?
Scores
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The process of mentally working
through a problem until the
sudden realization of a solution
occurs
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What is insight learning?
Scores
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Learning that occurs without
apparent reinforcement and that
is not displayed until
reinforcement is provided
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What is latent learning?
Scores
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A mental representation of an
area that helps an organism
navigate its way from one point
to another
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What is a cognitive map?
Scores
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Learning without conscious
awareness of what is learned
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What is implicit learning?
Scores
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Learning by observing and
imitating the behavior of others
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What is observational learning?
Scores
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Developer of the term ‘cognitive
map’
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Who is Edward Tolman?
Scores
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The “Aha!” phenomenon
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What is insight?
Scores
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In observational learning, the
person whose behavior is
observed
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Who is the model?
Scores
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Also referred to as ‘vicarious
learning’
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What is observational learning?
Scores
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To modify behavior through
reinforcement, it is important to
establish a clear ____, or
connection, between the desired
behavior and the reinforcement
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What is contingency?
Scores
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Exchanging of desirable
reinforcers; a more formal way of
establishing a contingency
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What is contingency contracting?
Scores
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2 guidelines for enhancing the
effectiveness of reinforcement
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What are:
•Be specific
•Use specific language
•Select a reinforcer
•Explain the contingency
•Apply the reinforcer
•Track the frequency of the desired
behavior
•Wean the child from the reinforcer
Scores
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2 ways to give praise
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What are:
•Make eye contact with the child
•Use hugs
•Be specific
•Be sincere
Scores
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2 more ways to give praise
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What are:
•Avoid empty flattery
•Reward the effort, not the
outcome
•Avoid repeating yourself
•Don’t end on a sour note
Scores
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Schedules of Partial-Reinforcement
Scores
Final
Jeopary
Question
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The four types of partialreinforcement
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What are:
1. Fixed-ratio
2. Variable-ratio
3. Fixed-ratio
4. Variable-interval
Scores