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The American Civil War Brother against brother; a war that claimed more American lives than any other The North v. The South Similarities Differences Fought together in the American Revolution Common vocabulary, economic system, and government documents Racial superiority Relied on each other South grew cotton/North manufactured the clothing Troubled by slavery Most viewed slavery as a necessary evil Slavery viewed as unnecessary in the North The South grew rice, corn, and cotton Labor intensive crops Necessary to have many workers Slavery viewed as necessary for the survival of the South 50% of Southern population was slaves The War Begins Fort Sumter In response, Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen to put down the rebellion Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join the confederacy National Flag of the Confederacy Random fact Why are there 13 stars on the Confederate flag? The Confederacy claimed that two other Southern states were part of the Confederacy, even though they never seceded Which two? Kentucky and Missouri Planning for War Richmond, Virginia: Capital of the Confederacy—most populous (populated) state in the South Border states: Slave states that remained in the Union West Virginia separated from Virginia in 1863 and rejoined the Union The Battle Plans South: Defense—as the heavy underdog, they believed that European dependence on cotton would bring Europe into the war on the side of the South North: The Anaconda Plan (3 parts) Naval Blockade: Block the South from shipping goods or people Control the Mississippi river: Split the South in two Capture Richmond, Virginia—the capital of the Confederacy Success of Plans South: Europe had plenty of cotton and never came to their aid The First Battle of Bull Run Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson pushed the Union back Caused the Union to panic The Union quickly changed their approach of the war to “preserve the Union” rather than “eliminate slavery” North: Lousy generals failed to take advantage of the weaker South “If McClellan does not use the Army, I would like to borrow it.” -- Lincoln Failed Generals: George McClellan Henry Halleck John Fremont Joseph Hooker Etc… Lessons from Bull Run The war would be bloody There wouldn’t be a quick end to the war The Confederate soldiers, though less in number, were stronger and more determined than Union soldiers A war fought in homes and backyards Close to home “As we stood in the door, four or five shells sailed over our heads at the same time… I had heard Jimmy laugh about the singular sensation produced by the rifled balls spinning around one’s head, and here I heard the same peculiar sound, ran the same risk, and was equal to the rest of the boys, for was I not in the midst of flying shells, in the middle of a bombardment?” Confederate Soldiers Answer the following question in your notes: Why might Confederate soldiers be more determined than Union soldiers? Most Southerners were passionate about keeping slavery while many Northerners had nothing against slavery—the South was fighting for something that meant a lot to them Two Fronts Western Front: Fought mostly in Tennessee and Mississippi along the Mississippi River. Eastern Front: Fought mostly in Virginia, near the Mason-Dixon line. The Western Front General Ulysses S. Grant (Union) Strategy: “Find out where your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.” Conquered major forts in Tennessee The Battle of Shiloh Though victorious, Grant was made to look like a fool and nearly lost control of the army The Eastern Front General Robert E. Lee (Confederate) Left the Union at the beginning of the War Goes on the offensive (attack) Seven Days’ Battles Keep the Union from taking Richmond, Virginia After seven days, the Union army was forced to retreat Invasion of the North It might force Lincoln into peace talks It would give Virginians rest from the war It would allow Southerners to plunder much needed food It would demonstrate to Europe that the Confederacy could survive without the Union The Battle of Antietam Lee’s battle plans discovered The Union attacks The Battle of Antietam The bloodiest day in American history 23,000 Americans died in 1 day Confederates retreat McClellan fails to follow Allows Confederate army to rebuild itself Lincoln fires McClellan The Battle of Antietam “Again and again… by the charges and counter-charges, this portion of the field was lost and recovered, until the green corn that grew upon it looked as if it had been struck by a storm of bloody hail…. From sheer exhaustion, both sides, like battered and bleeding athletes, seemed willing to rest.” The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam 1863: The Year Everything Changed Throughout the war, abolitionists urged the government to ban slavery in the Union The government refused Their goal was to reunite the Union, and if they banned slavery, then the South would never return The Emancipation Proclamation: In 1863, Lincoln declared that all slaves in Confederate held territory (the South) were free The primary goal of the war shifted to ending slavery/liberation of a people The Emancipation Proclamation “On the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation Response to the Proclamation Critics: “Monstrous, impudent, and heinous…insulting to God as to man” Supporters: Emancipation was “to destroy everything that…gives the rebels strength” African Americans: “We shout for joy that we live to record this righteous decree” Though few slaves were freed, free African Americans joined the fight on the side of the Union General Lee Makes a Mistake In 1863, Lee made one of his only mistakes during the war: he invaded the North… again The Battle of Gettysburg became the turning point of the war Raged for three days Union forces tried to hold their ground Pickett’s Charge: General George Pickett attacked the middle of the Union line The Battle of Gettysburg Pickett’s charge rushed 15,000 Confederate soldiers toward the middle of the Union defense “bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes, pistol shots…men going down on their hands and knees, spinning round like tops…ghastly heaps of dead men.” Forced to retreat 1/4 of the Union army was killed while 1/3 of the Confederate army was killed (51,000 Americans) Union generals once again failed to follow and destroy the South’s army, and though the war lasted 2 more years, the South never fully recovered Amputation Prisoner’s of War Dead Confederate Sharpshooter The Battlefield The Siege of Vicksburg The Siege of Vicksburg: The day after Pickett’s Charge, General Grant successfully surrounded Vicksburg, Mississippi for more than a month Confederates ran out of food and were forced into hiding The Union won control of the Mississippi river, splitting the South in two Lincoln finally found a general who wasn’t a pushover (General Ulysses Grant) Vicksburg By Land By Sea The beginning of the end… The Battle of Gettysburg and the Siege of Vicksburg marked the beginning of the end for the Confederate States of America