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America’s Musical Landscape
5th edition
PowerPoint by Brenda Leach
Towson University
Part 6
Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
The Elements of Music
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New approaches to the elements, including
basing music on dissonance only
Focus on rhythm and timbre over melody
and harmony
Modern forms often based on repetition
with variation
Minimalism in music
Invention of new forms
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
2
William Schumann
(1910-1992)
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Major 20th century composer with strong
interest in nationalism
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Influenced by jazz and American folk
traditions

Strong leader of arts organizations
including Lincoln Center, NYC
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
3
Lou Harrison
(1917-2003)
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Influenced by Gregorian chant and ethnic
music including Chinese opera and the
music of Spain and Mexico
Served as music critic of the New York
Herald Tribune
Sought new timbres
Was fascinated by music of Native
Americans
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
4
Minimalism

Minimalism in art strips objects to their basic geometric shape.
Restricted color, value, shape, line, texture
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Minimalism in music focuses on structure with minimal changes in
melody, harmony, rhythm
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Tim Riley (b. 1935) – Pioneer of minimalism in music; important
works include:
 In C (1964) – hypnotic effect
 Sun Rings for String Quartet (2002)
composed for NASA; incorporated
sounds of planets
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
5
Philip Glass
(b. 1937)
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A leading exponent of minimalism
Focus on sonority; lingering on sounds for long
periods of time
Studied with Ravi Shankar,
the great Indian sitar player
Focus on repetition
Seeks connections in
the visual arts, especially sculpture
Interest in sound over form
Composed score for the film “The Hours”
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
6
Women in Music
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Women are holding leading positions as composers,
conductors, performers
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Important composers include:
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Joan Tower
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
Meredith Monk
Libby Larsen
Gwyneth Walker
© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Part 6: Tradition and Innovation in Concert
Music
Chapter 24: The Recent Mainstream
7
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