Download Chapter 15: Social Behavior - Donna Vandergrift, Psychology

Chapter 15: Social Behavior
Social Psychology
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Person perception
Attribution processes
Interpersonal attraction
Attitudes
Conformity and obedience
Behavior in groups
Person Perception:
Forming Impressions of Others
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Effects of physical appearance
Cognitive schemas
Stereotypes
Subjectivity in person perception
Evolutionary perspectives
Figure 15.1 Examples of social schemas
Attribution Processes: Explaining Behavior
• Internal vs external attributions
• Attributions for success and failure
• Bias in attributions
– Fundamental attribution error
– Self-serving bias
• Cultural influences
Figure 15.2 Weiner’s model of attributions for success and failure
Figure 15.3 An alternative view of the fundamental attribution error
Interpersonal Attraction: Liking and Loving
• Key factors in attraction
– Physical attractiveness
• Matching hypothesis
– Similarity effects
– Reciprocity effects
– Romantic ideals
Interpersonal Attraction: Liking and Loving
• Perspectives on love
– Passionate vs. companionate love
– Love as attachment
• Evolutionary perspectives
– Mating priorities
Figure 15.6 Attachment and romantic relationships
Attitudes: Making Social Judgments
• Three components
– cognitive, affective, and behavioral
• Factors in changing attitudes
– source, message, and receiver
• Theories of attitude change
– Learning theory
– Dissonance theory
– Elaboration likelihood model
Figure 15.7 The possible components of attitudes
Figure 15.8 Overview of the persuasion process
Figure 15.10 Design of the Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) study
Figure 15.11 The elaboration likelihood model
Conformity and Obedience
• Conformity – Solomon Asch (1950s)
– Group size
– Group unanimity
• Obedience – Stanley Milgram (1960s)
– “I was just following orders”
– Presence of a dissenter
Behavior in Groups:
Joining with Others
• The bystander effect
– Diffusion of responsibility
• Group productivity and social loafing
• Decision making in groups
• Group polarization
• Groupthink
Figure 15.15 The effect of loss of coordination and social loafing on group productivity
Figure 15.16 Group polarization
Figure 15.17 Overview of Janis’s model of groupthink