Download CHAPTER 9: Cosmetic Medical Procedures and Body

CHAPTER 9:
Cosmetic Medical Procedures and
Body Adornment
Introduction
• 13.1 million cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical
cosmetic treatments were performed in the
United States in 2010.
• Majority of individuals who seek cosmetic
procedures today are female.
Motivations for Cosmetic Procedures
• Increased acceptance of cosmetic medical
treatments, due to:
– Advances in surgical techniques
– Availability of minimally invasive techniques
– Direct-to-consumer marketing
– Media exposure
Motivations for Cosmetic Procedures
• More favorable attitudes toward cosmetic
surgery are related to:
– Increased age
– Greater use of makeup
– Lower social self-esteem and body esteem
– Higher body shame
Motivations for Cosmetic Procedures
• Dissatisfaction with body image
• Attractive and youthful appearance standards
for women
• Desire for a specific ideal (e.g., appearance of
a certain ethnicity)
• Motivations vary by age
Type-Changing Cosmetic Procedures
• Type-changing cosmetic procedures include
surgical procedures that noticeably alter the
size, shape, or contour of an appearance
feature.
– Usually performed due to body dissatisfaction
Type-Changing Cosmetic Procedures
• Rhinoplasty
• Facial skeletal surgeries
– Lip, chin, cheek implants
• Cosmetic breast augmentation
Restorative Procedures
• Anti-aging cosmetic surgical procedures seek
to restore or rejuvenate the appearance of
facial features.
– Differ from type-changing surgeries because they
do not change any major structures or shapes of
the face.
Restorative Procedures
• Rhytidectomy (facelift surgery)
• Blepharoplasty
– Removal of fat and excess skin or muscle from the
upper and/or lower eyelids
•
•
•
•
Botulinum toxin injections
Injectable soft tissue fillers
Lipoplasty (liposuction)
Abdominoplasty (“tummy tuck”)
Other Procedures
• Tattoos and body piercing
• Genital enhancement
Psychiatric Disorders Among Cosmetic
Surgery Patients
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
– Preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in
physical appearance that results in significant
emotional distress and/or impairment in daily
functioning
• Eating Disorders
– Characterized by extreme body image
dissatisfaction, specifically with weight and shape
Psychological Assessment of the
Cosmetic Patient
• A cognitive-behavioral assessment of
psychosocial functioning is recommended for
prospective patients.
• Focus on the patient’s motivations and
expectations for cosmetic treatment.
• Obtain detailed psychiatric history.
Summary
• The popularity of cosmetic medical
procedures warrants further investigation of
the motivations and psychological aspects.
• Body dysmorphic disorder should be
considered a contraindication for cosmetic
treatments.