Download Social and Political Organization + History of Roma in

Social and Political Organization +
History of Roma in Europe
PhDr. Martina Kalinova / 2006
Terminology & Theories
• not unified, not consistent:
a) multidisciplinary topic
b) many opinions,streams (GB/ USA/ France)
c) sensitive, emotive topic
d) “in”, “in fashion” topic
1. Social and Political
Organization
• culture: traditional × (post) modern
- social × political –
(hierarchy,family,tribe) (ethnicity,nation,state)
• culture of poverty
Social Organization
a) History – India, castes
b) Internal organization of a caste
c) Hierarchy in Romani nation
d) Hierarchy in a tribe (subgroup),
endogamy
e) Hierarchy in a family
Kinship
Political Organization
a) Ethnic/ Nation/al group (Race)
- different situation
b) State – Romanestan
Political aspiration
Majority attitudes
Tendency to:
• Mix social & political features
• Depreciate
• Confuse minority groups (names,origin,
etc.)
Roma, Gypsies, Travellers
1) Travelling Romani groups
2) Ethnic Non-romani travelling groups
3) “Social” travelling groups
4) Sedentary Romani groups
5) Sedentary ethnic Non-romani
travelling groups
Identity
• Relationship with majority
• Social (family,subgroup,Roma –
nation/ethnic group,regional)
• Political (citizenship,state nation,
Romani nation,EU)
• Plurality of identities
History of Roma in Europe
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5. – 10. Century: Arrival from
contemporary India
Spread around Europe
Egyptian pilgrims’ myth
16th Century: Fear – torture,expulsion
(colonies)
Enlightenment, romanticism
19th Century: Industrial revolution,
paternalism
History of Roma in Europe
• World War I
• 1920, 1930: Repressions (ID cards etc.)
• World War II: Genocide of Roma and
Sinti,participants in fights
• 1950: Denial of Romani genocide,
camps, Cold War – East × West
• 1960: Romani emancipation,fight for
travelling,historiography of porrajmos
• 1990: End of Cold War,deterioration,EU