Download 31-Endocrine

Endocrine System
Marie Černá
Regulatory systems
•Nervous system
•Endocrine system
Glands
• Endocrine – hormone-secreting organs,
secrete their chemical messengers
directly into body fluids (blood)
• Exocrine – enzyme/mucus-secreting organs,
secrete their chemical messengers
into ducts that convey the products
to the appropriate locations
Endocrine glands
1. Pineal gland
2. Hypothalamus +
Pituitary gland
3. Thyroid gland +
Parathyroid glands
4. Thymus
5. Adrenal glands
6. Pancreas
7. Ovary (female)
8. Testis (male)
Feedback inhibition
Pineal gland
hormone
chemical representative
class
actions
Melatonin amine
involved in
biological rhythms
regulated
by
light/dark
cycles
Anterior pituitary
hormone
peptide/protein
representative
actions
regulated by
Growth hormone
GH
↑ growth +
metabolism
hypothalamic h.
Prolactin
PRL
↑ milk production
+ secretion
hypothalamic h.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH
↑ thyroid gland
hypothalamic h.
thyroxine
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
ACTH
↑ adrenal cortex
→ glucocorticoids
hypothalamic h.
glucocorticoids
FSH
↑ production of
ova and sperm
hypothalamic h.
Luteinizing
hormone
LH
↑ ovaries and
testes
hypothalamic h.
Posterior pituitary
hormone
peptide
Antidiuretic
hormone
Oxytocin
representative
actions
ADH ↑ retention of water by
kidneys
↑ contraction of uterus
+ mammary gland cells
regulated by
water/salt
balance
nervous
system
Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland
• Follicular cells – thyroxine
• Parafollicular c-cells - calcitonin
Thyroid gland
hormone
representative
actions
T4 Thyroxine amine
T3
↑ metabolic processes TSH
Calcitonin
peptide ↓ blood calcium level
regulated by
calcium in blood
T4 Tetraiodothyronine
T3 Triiodothyronine
Parathyroid glands
Hormone
representative
actions
regulated by
Parathyroid
peptide
hormone, PTH
↑ blood calcium
level
calcium in blood
Homeostasis:
Blood calcium level
Thyroid feedback
Adrenal glands
Adrenal glands
Medulla:
adrenalin (epinephrine) +
noradrenalin (norepinephrine)
Cortex:
z. reticularis – DHA
dehydroepiandrosterone
z. fasciculata – cortisol
(glucocorticoids)
z. glomerulosa – aldosterone
(mineralocorticoids)
Adrenal medulla
Hormone
adrenalin
noradrenalin
representative
actions
regulated by
amine ↑ blood glucose level nervous system
↑ metabolic activities
vessel constriction
Catecholamines
Synthesis of catecholamines
Adrenal cortex
hormone
steroid
representative
actions
regulated by
Glucocorticoids
↑ blood glucose level
ACTH
Mineralocorticoids
↑ reabsorption of Na+ + kalium in blood
↑ excretion of K+
in kidneys
Steroids hormones
Sex hormones (steroids)
Adrenal cortex
Testes
Ovaries
Androgens
Estrogens
Progesterone
Sex hormones in female
Sex hormones in male
Pancreas
Pancreas
Langerhans islets
• Alpha cells
→ glucagon
• Beta cells
→ insulin
Pancreas
hormone
peptide
representative
actions
regulated by
Insulin
↓ blood glucose level
glucose in blood
Glucagon
↑ blood glucose level
glucose in blood
Circadian rhythms
of blood glucose and insulin
Homeostasis:
Blood glucose level
• ↑ blood glucose level
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids
Catecholamines
• ↓ blood glucose level
Insulin
Thymus
Thymus
hormone
chemical representative
class
actions
Thymosin peptide
stimulates
T lymphocytes
regulated
by
Literature
Biology, eighth edition,
Campbell, Reece
Unit seven: Animal Form and Function
Chapter 45:
Hormones and the Endocrine System
Pages 975 – 996