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Transcript 
Cell Cycle
&
Cell Division
Cell Cycle
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html
Stages of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis
Animated Cycle
http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
INTERPHASE
Interphase
• Stage before cell division starts
• Each chromosome in the nucleus
makes an exact copy of itself.
Interphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
MITOSIS
Mitosis
• Process during which the material
from the cell nucleus divides.
• Results in the production of two
identical daughter cells from a
single parent cell.
• Used during growth or repair of
cells.
Stages of Mitosis (PMAT)
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
Prophase
Nucleus Prepares for Cell Division
• Genetic material shortens and thickens
• Chromosome copies held together at
their centers in “X” formation by
centromere
Prophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Metaphase
• Two copies of each chromosome line up
in the center of the cell.
• Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at
the centromere (where they are joined).
Metaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Anaphase
• Spindle fibers pull chromosome copies
apart
• One complete set is pulled to one side
and the other complete set is pulled to
the other side of the cell.
Anaphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Telophase & Cytokinesis
• Cytoplasm pinches in at the center of
the cell, dividing the original cell in half.
• 2 nuclei form
• Daughter cells are identical to parent
cell.
Telophase & Cytokinesis
• Each daughter cell ends up with the
same number of identical chromosomes
and about half the organelles and
cytoplasm.
Telophase
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Mitosis Animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Cell Cycle
1. Interphase
2a. Mitosis: Prophase
3. Cytokinesis
2b. Mitosis:
Metaphase
2c. Mitosis: Anaphase
2d. Mitosis: Telophase
Cell Cycle
1. Interphase
2a. Mitosis: Prophase
3. Cytokinesis
2b. Mitosis:
Metaphase
2c. Mitosis: Anaphase
2d. Mitosis: Telophase
Cell Cycle
1. Interphase
2a. Mitosis: Prophase
3. Cytokinesis
2b. Mitosis:
Metaphase
2c. Mitosis: Anaphase
2d. Mitosis: Telophase
MEIOSIS
Meiosis
• Type of cell division that produces sex
cells (egg or sperm), which have only
half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
• One parent cell produces four
daughter cells.
• DNA replicates once, but the nucleus
divides twice.
Meiosis I
• First division of meiosis
• Each chromosome copies itself, X,
before this stage.
First Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 1 & Metaphase 1
– Each chromosome in a cell has a homologous, or similar,
pair.
– Pairs line up two-by two in the center of the cell.
• Anaphase 1: Each pair of homologous chromosomes
separates from the other as they move to opposite
sides of the cell.
• Telophase 1: Cytoplasm splits and two new cells
form. Each daughter cell contains only one
homologous chromosome of the chromosome pair.
(Half of the original genetic material of the original cell).
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis II
Second Division of Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.
• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes again line up in the center of the
cell, but this time single-file instead of in pairs.
• Anaphase 2: X-shaped chromosomes split and the copies
separate. One copy goes to one side of the cell and the other
is pulled to the other side.
• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete with 4 new cells that
have half the number of chromosomes that the original cell had.
Four haploid (one set of chromosomes) daughter
cells are formed.
Prophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis
http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.
Meiosis Animation
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
• Mitosis
– Growth or repair
of cells
– Cell divides once
– Two (diploid)
daughter cells
– Genetic
information is
identical
• Meiosis
– Produces sex
cells
– Cell divides twice
– Four (haploid
daughter) cells
– Half the genetic
information is
present
Comparison Animations
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/gen
etics/sciber/animatin.htm
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