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FUNGI Plants vs. Fungi • Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize, fungi do not • Plants have roots, leaves, and stems, fungi do not • Plant cell walls are polysaccharide cellulose, fungal cell walls are not Fungi General Characteristics • eukaryote • absorptive heterotroph - saprobe or parasite • cell walls made of chitin • multicellular (except for yeast) • reproduce with spores Basic Structure Hyphae- thin filaments making up a fungus (some called rhizoids help to anchor the fungus) Mycelium- mass of tangled filaments (hyphae); most of these are in soil or embedded in host’s tissue Fruiting body- reproductive structure; what you see Spores- thick-walled; located at tips of some hyphae; for reproduction Structure hyphae Fungi Structure mycelium Fungi Digestion – extracellular digestion • enzymes are secreted into food source • food source is digested by enzymes • nutrients are absorbed by fungus Fungi Fungi Life Cycle • fungal spores dispersed – Spores that reach food source – germinate • hyphae penetrate into food – Nutrients are absorbed • mycelium grows from the food – fruiting body is made • releases spores • Read pages 591 and 592 Fungi are diverse and are classified based on their reproductive structures (how they produce spores) Fungi Phylum Zygomycota • common name - common molds • ex – bread mold • reproduction – asexual – spores from sporangium – sexual - zygospore forms when hyphae of different sexes fuse together; thick walled zygospore is formed • uses – parasite, saprobe Fungi Phylum Basidiomycota • common name – club fungi • ex – mushrooms, shelf fungi, smuts, rusts, puffballs • reproduction – basidiospores – basidia – club shaped structure where spores form on gills • uses – many are edible; plant disease; poisonous (toadstools) Fungi smuts stinkhorn rusts shelf fungi Fungi puff balls mushrooms Phylum Ascomycota • common name – sac fungi • ex – yeast, powdery mildews, morels • reproduction – asexual – conidiophores (clusters of spores) – sexual – ascospores produces in ascus (sac like structure) • uses – brewing, baking, research, plant diseases, some are edible Fungi Fungi Morels Yeast Powdery mildews Fungi Phylum Deuteromycota • common name – imperfect fungi • ex – penicillium, ring worm, athlethe’s foot, jock itch • reproduction – only asexual • uses – penecillin / antibiotics, soy sauce, bleu cheese, citric acid Fungi ring worm Fungi Athlete’s foot (ring worm) Nail fungus (ring worm) Fungi Phylum mycophycota • common name – lichen • mutualistic relationship – fungus & green algae, neither could live alone – algae provides food, fungus provides protection and minerals • reproduction (skip) • uses – food for animals, pioneer species, starts soil in some places Fungi lichen Good and Bad Things About Fungi • The Good – Decomposers (nutrient cycling) – Some medicines • Penicillin – Some food • Blue cheese • Mushrooms – Habitat • The Bad – Some poisonous – Some parasitic – Some disease-causing • Athlete’s foot • Ringworm • Yeast infections/ jock itch
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