Download Cell Growth

Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
Very diverse group
Catch all - membership is
determined mainly by
exclusion from the other
kingdoms
Eukaryotes
all
Eukaryotes that are not
plants, animals or fungus
Mostly single celled, some
multicelled, some colonial
Classified by the way they
obtain nutrition
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Animal
Like
Plant Like
Fungus Like
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Plant
Like - Autrotrophs
Fungus Like - Heterotrophs
–obtain food by external
digestion (decomposers or
parasites)
Animal Like Protists
Protozoans
Heterotrophs
4
Phyla divided by the way
they move
Zooflagellates
Unicellular
Swim
using flagella (1 or 2)
Absorb food through cell
membranes
Most Reproduce asexually
(Binary Fission)
Zooflagellates
Include
several parasites
that cause human diseases
Examples: Giardia
Sarcodines
Unicellular
Move
with Pseudopods
–temporary projections of
cytoplasm
Food vacuoles, Endocytosis
Reproduce asexually (BF)
Sarcodines
Examples:
–Amoeba (A. Dysentery)
–Foraminiferans &
Radiolarians (calcium
carbonate)
–Heliozoans (silica)
Amoeba
Ciliates
Unicellular
Move & feed with cilia
Free living - not parasitic
Reproduce by conjugation
(sexual - pg 500)
Most numerous and diverse
group
Ciliates
Example:
Paramecium
(Anatomy page 499)
Paramecium
Sporozoans
Unicellular
Do
not move on their own
All parasitic
Reproduce by means of
sporozites - sexual and
asexual phases (pg 501)
Sporozoans
Example:
Malaria
–Plasmodium vivax
Plant Like Protists
7major phylas
Unicellular & Multicellular
Algae
Plant Like Protists
Unicellular Algae
4 major phylas
Base of the food chain
(phytoplankton - Algae &
Protozoan)
Euglenophytes
Plant
like - has chloroplast,
Autotrophic
Animal like - has 2 flagella,
no cell walls (pellicle), eye
spot (reacts to light), can
be heterotrophic in low light
Reproduces by BF
Euglenophytes
Euglena:
page 506
Dinoflagellates
Half
are photosynthetic, half
are heterotrophic
Have 2 flagella
Reproduce by BF
Many are luminescent (fire
plants - red tide)
Chrysophytes
Yellow-green
& Golden
brown algae
Gold colored Chloroplasts
Cell walls with pectin
Store food as oil rather than
starch
Diatoms
Cell
walls with silicon
Fit together like a petri dish
Remains of the cell are
used in abrasives
(diatomaceous earth)
Plant Like Protists
Multicellular Algae
3 major phylas
Classified by pigments
Red Algae
Reddish
accessory pigments
Can live deeper in the ocean
than most other Algae
Complex life cycles
Example: Irish Moss
Brown Algae
Brown accessory pigments
Largest, most complex algae
Have some specialized parts
(Air Bladders, Blades, Hold
Fasts, Stipes)
Example: Giant Kelp
Green Algae
Phylum
Chlorophyta
Cellulose in cell walls
Some are Unicellular
Live in both fresh water and
salt water
Green Algae
Example:
–Volvox
–Spirogyra (colonial)
–Sea lettuce (multicellular)
Fungus Like Protists
Heterotrophic
Absorb
nutrients from dead
or decaying organic matter
2 groups
Slime Molds
Have
a 3 stage life cycle
Shiny wet appearance,
texture like gelatin
Examples: Red Raspberry
& Scrambled Egg Slime
Mold
Water Mold
Oomycota
Thrive
on dead or decaying
organic material in water
Are plant parasites on land
Produce Hyphae and
zoosporangia
Water Mold
Life
Cycle page 519
Example:
–Phytophthora infestans
(potato famine)
Diseases caused by Algae
African
Sleeping Sickness
Giardia
Amoebic
Malaria
Dysentery
Human Uses for Algae
Seaweed,
agar, algin
Thickeners for ice cream &
salad dressing
plastics, waxes, deodorant