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5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis. 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. • DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it. DNA double helix DNA and histones Chromatin Supercoiled DNA 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • DNA plus proteins is called chromatin. • One half of a duplicated chromosome is a chromatid. • Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere. chromatid centromere telomere Condensed, duplicated chromosome 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells. Parent cell • Interphase prepares the cell to divide. • During interphase, the DNA is duplicated. centrioles spindle fibers centrosome nucleus with DNA 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Interphase 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases. – During prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane disappears 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases. – During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Metaphase 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases. – During anaphase, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell. 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Anaphase 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Mitosis divides the cell’s nucleus in four phases. – During telophase, the new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil. 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Telophase and Cytokinesis 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells. – In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed. – In plant cells, a cell plate forms. 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Cytokinesis – Cytoplasm Division Animal Cell Cleavage Furrow Plant Cell Cell Plate 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis Let’s Review the Events of the Cell Cycle • • • • • • • Cell Cycle Video Cell Cycle Video #2 Cell Cycle tutorial #1 Cell Cycle tutorial #2 Animal Cell Division Plant Cell Division#1 Plant Cell Division #2 5.2 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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