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Download LE 01-10b - Wells College
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10 m 1m Human height Length of some nerve and muscle cells 0.1 m Chicken egg 1 cm Unaided eye Frog egg 100 µm Most plant and animal cells 10 µm Nucleus Most bacteria 1 µm 100 nm 10 nm Mitochondrion Smallest bacteria Viruses Ribosomes Proteins Lipids 1 nm Small molecules 0.1 nm Atoms Electron microscope 1 mm Light microscope Fig. 6-2 Fig. 6-4 TECHNIQUE (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) RESULTS Cilia 1 µm (b) Transmission electron Longitudinal Cross section section of of cilium microscopy (TEM) 1 µm cilium Fig. 6-7 Outside of cell Inside of cell 0.1 µm (a) TEM of a plasma membrane Carbohydrate side chain Hydrophilic region Hydrophobic region Hydrophilic region Phospholipid Proteins (b) Structure of the plasma membrane Fig. 6-9a Nuclear envelope ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Flagellum Rough ER NUCLEUS Nucleolus Smooth ER Chromatin Centrosome Plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Ribosomes Microvilli Golgi apparatus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Lysosome Fig. 6-9b NUCLEUS Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Chromatin Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Central vacuole Golgi apparatus Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Mitochondrion Peroxisome Chloroplast Plasma membrane Cell wall Plasmodesmata Wall of adjacent cell CYTOSKELETON Fig. 6-10 Nucleus 1 µm Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Nuclear pore Pore complex Surface of nuclear envelope Rough ER Ribosome 1 µm 0.25 µm Close-up of nuclear envelope Pore complexes (TEM) Nuclear lamina (TEM) Fig. 6-11 Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes Large subunit 0.5 µm TEM showing ER and ribosomes Small subunit Diagram of a ribosome Fig. 6-12 Smooth ER Rough ER ER lumen Cisternae Ribosomes Transport vesicle Smooth ER Nuclear envelope Transitional ER Rough ER 200 nm Fig. 6-13 cis face (“receiving” side of Golgi apparatus) 0.1 µm Cisternae trans face (“shipping” side of Golgi apparatus) TEM of Golgi apparatus Fig. 6-14 Nucleus 1 µm Vesicle containing two damaged organelles 1 µm Mitochondrion fragment Peroxisome fragment Lysosome Lysosome Digestive enzymes Plasma membrane Lysosome Peroxisome Digestion Food vacuole Vesicle (a) Phagocytosis (b) Autophagy Mitochondrion Digestion Fig. 6-15 Central vacuole Cytosol Nucleus Central vacuole Cell wall Chloroplast 5 µm Fig. 6-17 Intermembrane space Outer membrane Free ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix Inner membrane Cristae Matrix 0.1 µm Fig. 6-18 Ribosomes Stroma Inner and outer membranes Granum Thylakoid 1 µm Fig. 6-19 Chloroplast Peroxisome Mitochondrion 1 µm Table 6-1a 10 µm Column of tubulin dimers 25 nm Tubulin dimer Table 6-1b 10 µm Actin subunit 7 nm Table 6-1c 5 µm Keratin proteins Fibrous subunit (keratins coiled together) 8–12 nm Fig. 6-28 Secondary cell wall Primary cell wall Middle lamella 1 µm Central vacuole Cytosol Plasma membrane Plant cell walls Plasmodesmata Fig. 6-30a Collagen Proteoglycan complex EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Fibronectin Integrins Plasma membrane Microfilaments CYTOPLASM Fig. 6-31 Cell walls Interior of cell Interior of cell 0.5 µm Plasmodesmata Plasma membranes Fig. 6-32 Tight junction Tight junctions prevent fluid from moving across a layer of cells 0.5 µm Tight junction Intermediate filaments Desmosome Gap junctions Space between cells Plasma membranes of adjacent cells Desmosome 1 µm Extracellular matrix Gap junction 0.1 µm
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