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Fungi
Fungi

First fungi were
probably flagellated.
– First fossils – 480
million years ago
(Ordovician Period)
– Molecular Clock
suggests 1 billion
years ago
(Precambrian).
General Characteristics


Primarily
terrestrial
Filamentous
– hyphae
coenocytic
septate
– mycelium
– haustoria
Fungal Hyphae
General Characteristics
(animal-like)



Heterotrophic
– absorption
(saprobes)
– parasitic
– mutualistic
Cell Wall: Chitin
Store sugar as
glycogen
Fungal Reproduction
Asexual
– haploid spores (conidia/sporangia)
 Sexual
– plasmogamy (dikaryon)
– karyogamy (diploid)
– Syngamy (diploid)

Fungal Classification
Chytrids
Nuclerariids
Zygomycetes
Fungi
Opisthokonts
Glomeromycetes
Choanoflagellates
Ascomycetes
Animals
Basidiomycetes
Fungal Classification
Division:
Chytrids

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Have flagella
Coenocytic hyphae or unicellular
Cell wall: chitin
Saprobes or parasites
May be most primitive fungi
Division: Zygomycetes
Division: Zygomycota


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Coenocytic Fungi
Mostly terrestrial (live
on decaying material
Example: Rhizopus
(Black bread mold)
Uses: birth control pills,
meat tenderizers,
margarine coloring
Division: Glomeromycetes

Arbuscular mycorrhizae
– Coenocytic Fungi
– Mutualistic - associated
with plant roots
– increases surface area
for the absorption of
water and nutrients
Division: Ascomycetes
Diviison: Ascomycetes
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
Septate fungi (sac
fungi)
Saprobes, mutualistic
Examples: Dutch Elm
Disease, yeasts,
truffles, some molds
Uses: pathogens, food,
cooking
Division: Ascomycetes
(Deuteromycota)


Imperfect fungi (no sexual cycle)
Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Predatory fungi
Division: Basidiomycetes
Division: Basidiomycetes
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Septate Fungi (Club
fungi)
Saprobes, parasites,
mutualistic
Examples: mushrooms,
toadstools, puffballs,
shelf fungi, rusts, smuts
Uses: Food
Division: Basidiomycota

Fairy Rings
Lichen


Mutualistic association with a
green algae or
cyanobacteria
and an
ascomycota or
basidiomycota
Pioneer
organisms
Microsporidia

Are they Fungi?
– Parasitic
Loss of organelles
Tiny organelles
derived from
mitochondria
– Cause disease in
people with immune
deficiency
– Used as pest control
Ecological Impacts

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Decomposers
Pathogens
Food Production