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Transcript 
Boundary Element Modeling
of the Human Auditory System
Timothy Walsh
Sandia National Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM
Leszek Demkowicz, Richard Charles
TICAM
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin,TX
Motivation
Schematic of the human auditory system
Goals of Research
• Compute Head-Related Transfer Function
(HRTF) and compare w/ experimental data
• Reproduce canal resonance modes
• Goal-oriented adaptivity
• A-patch C1 surface reconstruction
• Parallelization of formation, solve, and error
estimation
Head-Related Transfer Function
• HRTF maps pressure at eardrum vs
frequency and angle of incidence
• Useful for hearing aid design, virtual
acoustical simulators, localization research
• Individual signature
• Benchmark for comparison
Weak Form of Burton-Miller IE
A-Patch Surface Reconstruction
(Bajaj, Xu)
A-Patch Surface Reconstruction
Linear elements
Quadratic elements
Cubic elements
Parallelization of BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity for
BEM
Areas of Interest for Scattering
on Sphere / Half Sphere
Mesh Adaptivity for Scattering
on the Sphere
Error in Quantity of Interest for
Scattering on the Sphere
Area of Interest for Scattering on
Human Head
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity on Ear
L2 Residual Adaptivity
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity
Pressure Distributions on the
Head at 500 Hz
Pressure Distributions on the
Head at 500 Hz
Comparison with Experimental
Data
Comparison with Experimental
Data
Comparison with Experimental
Data
Comparison with Experimental
Data
Comparison of Response with
and without Canal
Comparison of Response with
and without Canal
Comparison of Response with
and without Canal
Comparison with and without
Canal
Comparison of Head and Sphere
Resonance Mode of the Concha
Resonance of Ear Canal
Conclusions
• BEM simulations can reproduce acoustical field
outside and inside ear canal
• BEM simulations can be used to generate clinical
auditory data
• BEM can reproduce resonance patterns inside ear
canal
• Goal-oriented adaptivity applied to BEM allows
for high-frequency simulations without uniformly
fine meshes
Conclusions
• Spatial cues not influenced by ear canal
Future Work
• Proposal for hearing aid simulations
• Fast-multipole methods + adaptivity
• Middle, inner ear simulations
Acknowledgements
• Richard Charles, initiation of project, ear
canal mesh, etc.
• NPACI: financial support (PI: J.T. Oden)
• Dr. Bajaj, Xu, Center for Computational
Visualization – Apatch procedure
• Dr. R.A. van de Geijn: PLAPACK
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