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Important Concepts By: Aaron Register Government A government’s job is to keep law and order There are several different kinds of government – – – – – – – Anarchy: no government, leads to chaos Autocracy: ruled by one, dictator or totalitarian Monarchy: ruled by kings and queens Theocracy: ruled by religious leaders Oligarchy: ruled by a small group of people Aristocracy: ruled by the upper class Democracy: ruled by the people Constitution A Constitution explains how a government will work Our Constitution has a preamble, which is the introduction to the Constitution and establishes popular sovereignty The Constitution limits the Federal Government from abusing its citizens Bill of Rights The Constitution has a Bill of Rights, which is a list of ten specific rights called amendments, that protects peoples’ rights from federal abuse. Amendment One – freedom of speech, press, petition, religion, and assembly Amendment Two – right to bear arms (guns) Amendment Three – no forced quartering of soldiers Amendment Four – protected against unreasonable searches and seizures Amendment Five – due process of the law, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, eminent domain Bill of Rights Continued Amendment Six – right to a speedy, fair, and public trial, confront witnesses, aware of all charges brought against an individual Amendment Seven – right to a trial by jury in major civil cases Amendment Eight – no cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail Amendment Nine – there are rights that exist outside of the constitution people have Amendment Ten – the states have powers to do whatever they want but: – Not those given to the federal government in the constitution – Not those the constitution prohibits the states from doing Separation of Powers The government is divided up into three different branches, in order to keep a balance of power in the government – Legislative Branch – makes laws, also called Congress – Executive Branch – carries out laws, several organizations take this job – Judicial Branch – judge/interpret laws and the Constitution This balance of power is called check and balances Congress Congress has two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives The Senate – – – – Two Senators per state Each state has equal representation 100 Senators total Senators serve a six year term Senators must be at least 30 years old Must be a resident of the state Must be a citizen for at least nine years – Approve Presidential treaties by 2/3 vote – Approve Presidential appointments by ½ vote Congress Continued The House of Representatives – Amount of representatives per state is decided by population (apportionment) – 435 Representatives total – Representatives serve a two year term Representatives must be at least 25 years old Must be a resident of state Must be a citizen for at least seven years – Determines President if there is no majority in electoral college Impeachment Sometimes it is necessary for a politician to be impeached, or removed from office. The Impeachment process: – The House of Representatives charges an individual with their wrong doing – Next, the Senate holds trial to convict an individual of impeachment Congressional Officers Speaker of the House – the leader of the House Vice President – the leader of the Senate Speaker Pro Tempore – substitute speaker of the house President Pro Tempore – substitute speaker of the Senate Majority/Minority Leader – coordinates political views Majority/Minority Whip – keep party members focused and in line President The President is the head of the executive branch Duties – Commander in Chief Makes final military decisions – Appointing powers Appoints Important Executive Positions Appoints all federal judges with approval of Senate – Diplomat Establishes relations with other nations – Judicial Powers Grants pardons, amnesty, reprieves, and commutations President Continued Duties – Legislative Powers Veto – Budget President prepares the budget Congress approves the budget – State of the Union Where we are as a country Where we want to be as a country How we’re going to get there Requirements to be President – Must be at least 35 years old – Must be a natural born citizen – Must be a United States resident for at least 14 years The President term is four years long The President is limited by the 22nd amendment to only two terms Propaganda Techniques Bandwagon – when a candidate makes themselves look like a winner Glittering Generalities – when a candidate uses symbols, songs, slogans, that makes them stand out Testimonial – when someone famous endorses a candidate Plain Folks – when a candidate makes himself look like an average person Name Calling – when you associate a negative characteristic with someone Card Stacking – presenting one side of the story Economics Economics – satisfying unlimited needs and wants with limited resources – Needs – something that is essential to survival – Wants – something that you desire to make your life easier or better – Scarcity – limited resources – Resources – anything that people use Everyday you make decisions. Decisions are a major part of economics – Trade Off – the lost option of your decision – Opportunity Cost – the value of the lost option Thank you!