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The Rise of Islam World History Ms. McGrail Arabia Arabia is in a part of the world called the Middle East Its geography affected how people lived their day to day lives Mostly desert High temperatures Sandstorms make it difficult to see Water and plant life are found at oases The Early Arabs The early Arabs lived in clans and tribes that were loyal to one another These people were called Bedouins They were nomadic tribes who lived on the Arabian peninsula They lived in tents, ate dried fruits and nuts, and drank milk from the animals they herded A majority of the people lived in small villages and made their money by trading goods with other civilizations They would travel in caravans or groups The Prophet of Islam Muhammad was born in 570 C.E. in the city of Mecca Mecca was a bustling town at the center of trade Even though he was successful, he was not happy He felt that the rich town leaders should: Go back to the old traditional ways Honor their families Be fair in business Help the poor Prophet Cont. Muhammad went to the hills to meditate In 610 C.E. he was visited by the angel Gabriel He was told by the angel to preach Islam Islam means “Surrendering to the will of Allah” Allah is the Arabic word for God Muhammad’s Teachings Muhammad went back to Mecca and told everyone to break the statues of false gods He told them to only worship Allah, the one true God Muhammad taught that all people were equal: The rich should share their things Being rich was not as important as leading a good life When the Day of Judgment came, God would reward the good and punish the bad Opposition to Islam Religious leaders and the rich did not like Islam and punished those who followed Muhammad Muhammad and his followers were forced to flee Mecca in 622 C.E. and moved north to a city called Medina “City of the Prophet” Muhammad created a government in Medina that used its power in politics to support Islam This was called an Islamic state In 630 C.E. Muhammad’s army took over Mecca and made it a holy city Islam’s Teachings Islam, Judaism, and Christianity believe many of the same things: Believe in one God who spoke to people through prophets These are called Semitic religions Muslims believe Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad are the prophets Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like Muslims do NOT see Muhammad as divine Just a good person and prophet Islam’s Teaching Cont. Muslims wrote down what Allah told Muhammad in the Quran, the holy book of Islam The Quran was a book on how to live Be honest, treat others fairly, honor their parents, give to the poor, do not murder, lie, or steal Cannot eat pork, drink alcohol, or gamble Five Pillars of Islam Testimony of Faith - Shahada Must declare belief in only one god, Allah Prayer - Salat Must pray towards Mecca five times a day Almsgiving- Zakat All Muslims are expected to donate money to the poor 5 pillars Cont. Fasting - Sawm Must abstain from eating, drinking, and sexual activity from sun up to sun down during Ramadan Pilgrimage - Hajj All Muslims should travel to Mecca at least one time in their lives if they are physically and financially able