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Adolf Hitler: The Fuhrer
Germany After WWI
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Germany cedes land
(Alsace – Lorraine,
Poland, etc)
Military Restrictions
War Reparations and
European recession
War Guilt Clause
Weimar Republic weak
German Revolutions 1918
The German Mark
Weimar Germany:
Political Representation
1920 - 1933
Political
Parties in the
Reichstag
May
1924
Dec.
1924
May
1928
Sep.
1930
July
1932
Nov.
1932
Mar.
1933
Communist
Party (KPD)
62
45
54
77
89
100
81
Social
Democratic
Party (SDP)
100
131
153
143
133
121
120
Catholic
Centre Party
(BVP)
81
88
78
87
97
90
93
Nationalist
Party (DNVP)
95
103
73
41
37
52
52
Nazi Party
(NSDAP)
32
14
12
107
230
196
288
102
112
121
122
22
35
23
Other
Parties
Adolf Hitler
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Born on April 20, 1889 in
Austria
Wanted to be an artist
Served in WWI for Germany
on the Western Front
Powerful speaker who called
upon the nationalistic pride
of German people
Strong anti-semitic feelings
Baby Hitler
Hitler was 1 of 6 children – 3 of whom died at early ages.
Draft Dodger Of Austria /
Enlistee For Germany
Hitler’s Emergence
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German Workers Party
becomes National
Socialist German
Worker’s Party, or Nazi
for short
Mein Kampf
SA (Sturm Abteilung or
Brown Shirts)
Hitler becomes
chancellor in 1933
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“Do we not feel once again in this
hour the miracle that brought us
together? Once you heard the
voice of a man, and it struck deep
into your hearts; it awakened you
and you followed this voice …
When we meet each other here, the
wonder of our coming together
fills us all. Not everyone of you
sees me, and I do not see everyone
of you. But I feel you, and you feel
me. It is the belief in our people
that has made us small men great,
that has made brave and
courageous men out of us
wavering, timid folk; this belief …
joined us together into one whole!
You come, that you may, once in a
while, gain the feeling that now we
are together; we are with him and
he with us, and we are now
Germany!”
- Hitler, mass rally at
Nuremburg, Sept. 1936
The Beer Hall Putsch 1923
Hitler in Landesberg Prison
Hitler’s Goals
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Lebensraum
Militarism
Revenge
Racial Purity of the
Aryan Race /
Nuremburg Laws
Enabling Act
Establishment of
the Third Reich
Sich Heil
Kristallnacht
(“Night of Broken Glass”)
Nuremburg Laws
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Denaturalization laws
discriminating against
Jewish citizens
Used racial observance
of grandparents to
determine (see chart)
Germany Ablaze
Reichstag Burns, 1933
Nazi Anti-Intellectualism
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Consequences:
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A society where individual
thought is compromised & the
preservation of truth minimal.
Authorities have more power
(no intellectual spirit of dissent
to challenge)
Emergence of pseudoscience
(eugenics)
Rewriting history
Destruction of literature
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Nazi Book Burnings
Why burn books?
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Vent anger (symbolic transition
of cultural values:
intellectualism to radical
emotionalism)
Unifies community in a ritual
Intimidates intellectual
community
Nazi Party declares that
any book “which acts
subversively on our future
or strikes at the root of
German thought, the
German home, and the
driving forces of our
people …” is to be burned
- May 10, 1933
Education In The
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Reich
Knowledge that benefited
the State was allowed (i.e.
rocket science).
Individual learning
frowned upon
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rd
3
Independent thinking goes
against public opinion
Propaganda as a new form of
education
Goal:
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In democracy, students learn to
benefit themselves.
In Totalitarian Germany,
students learn to benefit the
State.
2 Jewish students are humiliated in front of
their whole class. The writing on the board
proclaims “the Jew is our greatest enemy!
Beware the Jew!”
Nazi Curriculum
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Racial biology &
eugenics
Celebratory German
history
Discipline, duty,
obedience, courage
Physical training – body
over mind
No concern for spirit of
academics
“The Jewish Nose is Wide at the End
and Looks like the Number Six”
Hitler On Education
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"Universal education is the most corroding and
disintegrating poison that liberalism has ever
invented”—Adolf Hitler
"Through clever and constant application of
propaganda, people can be made to see paradise
as hell, and also the other way round”
—Adolf Hitler
Hitler Youth
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Trained children for their
role as Nazi citizens.
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Men: “Wehrsport” (military
training)
Women: preparation for
Aryan motherhood
“The weak must be chiseled
away. I want young men and
women who can suffer
pain...” – Adolf Hitler
"I will have no intellectual
training. Knowledge is ruin
to my young men”
– Adolf Hitler
Hitler Youth
Propaganda:
People Cannot Think For
Themselves
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Spread & enforce Nazi
ideology
the antithesis of
intellectual-based culture
Rampant anti-Semitism
Infected all mediums of
art, literature, and media
Joseph Goebbels:
Head of the Anti-intellectual Serpent
Goebbels On Truth &
Intellectualism
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“Intellectual activity is a
danger to the building of
character”
“It is the absolute right of the
State to supervise the
formation of public opinion.”
“Not every item of news
should be published. Rather
must those who control news
policies endeavor to make
every item of news serve a
certain purpose.”
The Big Lie Theory
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“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating
it, people will eventually come to believe it. The
lie can be maintained only for such time as the
State can shield the people from the political,
economic and/or military consequences of the
lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the
State to use all of its powers to repress dissent,
for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and
thus by extension, the truth is the greatest
enemy of the State.”—Joseph Goebbels
Night of Long Knives
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June 30, 1934 – August 1934:
The Great Purge (also known
as Operation Hummingbird)
After the death of President
Hindenburg, Hitler had made
it clear that he was the
supreme ruler of Germany
who had the right to be judge
and jury, and had the power
to decide whether people
lived or died.
S.A. leader Ernst Rohm is
executed.
Gaining Lebensraum:
Nazi Spread & Conquer