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Propaganda Techniques Animal Farm Foundations of Composition, by Kirsti Cady. Columbia High School, ©2013 What is PROPAGANDA? • A way of manipulating people using images and words to achieve a desired affect or outcome • Propaganda clouds reality and gets in the way of clear and honest thinking • During wartime, propaganda is designed to provide a focus for our mistrust and hatred, to dehumanize the enemy so they may be killed without remorse BANDWAGON • Hop on the bandwagon or else you don’t fit in. Everyone is doing it, so you should too. This technique is contrived peer pressure – no one wants to be left out or behind. Bandwagon • Everyone listens to the Fuhrer TESTIMONIAL • A celebrity or expert who endorse a product, candidate, or idea. Think about all of the commercials with celebrities. The celebrity may not always be qualified to speak on the subject. Testimonial Testimonial PLAIN FOLKS • This technique has a person or cause being associated with regular people. Candidates who are just like you – they put their pants on one leg at a time too. Plain Folks "We are for Adolf Hitler!" Plain Folks GLITTERING GENERALITIES • Use of words and images that generally carry a favorable meaning to everyone; including liberty, democracy, freedom, and civilization. • It hopes to associate a person, idea, or group with a positive feeling, but no direct evidence. • The largest problem with this technique is that all of these words mean different things to different people. Glittering Generalities "Open the door to freedom! Put a strong man at the helm! Out of the swamp! Forward with the powers of renewal!” Glittering Generalities NAME-CALLING • This technique links a person or idea to a negative image. It is hoped that association with this negative symbol will cause the viewer to reject it outright. • A derivative of this technique involves carefully selecting descriptive words. • Compare the connotative words DETERMINED and AGGRESSIVE. • Name-Calling is the opposite of glittering generalities Name-Calling Name-Calling "The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war." Other Techniques • FLAG-WAVING: You’re patriotic if you go along with my idea. And you’re unpatriotic if you don’t. • SNOB: You’re really a superior person if you go along with my ideas. • TRANSFER: I’ll show you something you like. Then you’ll transfer you good feelings about it to my product or idea. Or: I’ll show you something you dislike. Then you’ll transfer your negative feelings about it to my opponent’s product or idea. Credits • American Propaganda Posters courtesy of Northwestern University Library (http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/coll ections/wwii-posters/index.html) • German Propaganda Posters courtesy of German Propaganda Archive (http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/)