Download Name , Age, Sex& Date

Orthodontic cephalometrics
1st Dec.2014
Dr.Gyan P.Singh
Associate Professor
Department of Orthodontics&Dentofacial Orthopaedics
.
• In 1931 Brodbent in USA and Hofrath in
Germany simultaneously presented a
standardized cephalometric technique.
• Cephalogram are of two types:
Lateral cephalogram
Frontal cephalogram
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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Principles
Cephalogram film size is 8x 10 inch
Kvp = 80
MA = 12
Time = 0.5 sec
Distance between radiograph source and
mid- sagittal plane is= 5 feet
The distance between the mid- sagittal plane
of the patient and the radiograph=15 cms
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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Cephalostate Machine
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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INDICATIONS & USES OF
CEPHALOGRAM
1. Severity of dental malocclusion
2. Severity of skeletal malocclusion
3. Identify the location of the dysplasia
4. Evaluate soft tissue and its relationship with
dental hard tissue and skeleton of face
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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4.Aids in treatment planning decision on
extraction/ growth modification/surgical
5. Stage and post-treatment cephalograms are
taken to monitor progress of treatment.
6.Added advantage of using CVMI to know
the status of the growth.
7. Design and plan retention strategy.
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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.
Cephalometric landmarks
•
•
Anatomic : Nasion, Orbitale, Sella,Menton
Derived : Gonion, Gnathion
• Unilateral : Sella, Point A, Point B
• Bilateral : Orbitale , Gonion, Porion
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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.
• Nasion - Most anterior point on frontonasal
suture mid- saggital plane
• Sella – Cenre of sella turcica
• Orbitale – Lower-most point of the bony
orbit
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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Name , Age, Sex& Date
.
Nasion
Sella
Orbitale
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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• Porion – Highest bony point on the upper
margin of external auditory meatus.
• Point A – Deepest point in the midline
between the anterior nasal spine and alveolar
crest between the central incisor.
• Point B – Deepest point in midline between
the alveolar crest of mandible and the mental
process.
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Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
Name , Age, Sex& Date
.
Porion
Point A
Point B
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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• ANS : The most anterior point of the tip
of anterior nasal spine in midsaggital
plane
• PNS : A constructed point , intersection
of the continuation of anterior wall of
pterygo-maxillary fissure and nasal
floor.
• Pogonion - the most anterior point of
chin in the midsaggital plane
.
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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Name , Age, Sex& Date
.
ANS
PNS
Pogonion
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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• Menton – Most inferior point of the
outline of symphysisin mid-saggital
plane
• Gnathion – Anterio- inferior point on
bony chin
• Gonion - Constructed point at the
intersection of the lines tangent to the
posterior border of the ramus and the
lower border of the mandible
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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Name , Age, Sex& Date
.
Gonion
Gnathion
Menton
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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MCQ:
1. Cephalostat was introduced by
(A) Margolis & William Wilson in 1925
(B) Tweed & Mills in 1940
(C) Bjork & Sassouni 1995
(D) Broadbent & Hofrath in 1932
2. In lateral cephalometrics, the distance at which source and object
are placed from mid-sagittal plane is
(A) 50 inches
(B) 60 inches
(C) 75 inches
(D) 90 inches
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3.Which of the following statement regarding lateral cephalogram
is true
(A) Right side is towards the tube
(B) Left side is towards the cassette
(C) Left side of face is viewed clearly
(D) All of them
4. Which of the following landmark is not located in the mandible
(A) Pogonion
(B) Gnathion
(C) Menton
(D) Porion
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5.Gonion,Menton,Pogonion are cephalometric landmarks located
on
(A) Midline
(B) Mandible
(C)Bony chin
(D)Profile skeletal
6. Nasion is situated at
(A) Frontonasal suture
(B) Zygomatic process
(C) Orbital floor
(D) None of the above
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7.The deepest point between the anterior nasal spine and superior prosthion
is
(A) Infraspinale
(B) Subspinale
(C) Supranasal
(D) Gnathion
8. The most anterior part of bony chin
(A) Gonion
(B) Menton
(C) Pogonion
(D) Porion
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9. Unilateral landmark on lateral cephalogram
(A) Nasion
(B) Gonion
(C) Porion
(D) Orbitale
10. The bilateral landmark on the lateral cephalogram
(A) Basion
(B) Pogonion
(C) Gonion
(D) Nasion
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REFERENCES
1. Graber TM:Principles and Practicce
Orthodontics,WB Saunders,1988
2. Profitt.Contemporary Orthodontics,Elsevier
India.3rd ed.,2000.
3. Kharbanda.diagnosis and management of
malocclusion and dentofacial deformities.Elsevier
India.1ST edition,2009 .
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5 marks
Cephalometrics-Dr.Gyan P.Singh
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