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‫‪Judaism‬‬
‫!שמע ישראל‬
Tenants of the Faith
Monotheistic
Believe in YHWH, the God of
Abraham
Holy book:
Torah (first five books of the Old
Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers, Deuteronomy (“Second Law”) +
Tanakh (most of OT)
Talmud (rabbinical interpretations)
Tenants of the Faith
• “Righteous”
“Torah”
• Ethical (Ten Commandments)
• Zoroastrianism
Satan,
“eschatology” (belief in end of
world), resurrection, last judgment
• Revealed religion
Traditions of the Faith
Founder: Abraham, c. 2500 BC, in
Mesopotamia
Sabbath (“Shabbat”): sundownsundown, Friday-Saturday
Place of worship: Synagogue,
Temple
Spiritual Leader: Rabbi (“rebbe”)
Religious Practices
Kosher (“fit for ritual use” or
Kashrut): (pork, dog, shellfish,
any animal not killed to be eaten
forbidden) as opposed to Trayf
(“torn”)
Kosher (permitted)
Trayf (forbidden)
Ritually slaughtered beef, sheep,
goats and deer with no flaws or
diseases
Pork, camel, rabbit, rodents, reptiles, and any animal that died of natural
causes
Chicken, turkey, quail, geese
Eagle, hawk, vulture
Salmon, tuna, carp, herring, cod
Crab, lobster, octopus, clam, swordfish, sturgeon
Meat eaten separately from dairy
Meat with dairy (e.g., cheeseburger, burger with milkshake, chicken cordon
bleu, wiener schnitzel, etc.)
Wine or grape juice made under
Jewish supervision
Any other wine and grape juice
Soft cheese and kosher hard cheese
Most hard cheese
Early Traditions
Abraham
Hagar
Sarah
Ishmael
Isaac
Jacob
12 Arabian
Tribes
Esau
12 Tribes of
Israel
Major
Prophets
Abraham
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekial
Daniel
Torah
“Pentateuch”
Means “instruction”
Oral Torah given to Moses on Mount
Sinai
Written compiled during the
Babylonian period
Written in Hebrew
Jewish
Traditions
1. Shema: The Basic Creed
"Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God,
the LORD is one"."
Considered a “mitvah” or commanded by God
2. Tefillin: Ritual Prayer
•
Phylacteries ( "to guard, protect")
are a set of small black leather
boxes containing scrolls of
parchment inscribed with verses
from the Torah
•
“And you shall bind them as a sign
upon your arm, and they shall be
as totafot between your eyes.”
—Deuteronomy 6:8
3. Tzedakah: Charity
• Mitvah
• 10% of
income
• Brings
atonement
• Charity box
4. Mezuzah
• Scripture from the
Torah in a decorative
case
• On the right, upper
third of the doorway
• Kissed when entering
• “Write them on the
doorframes of your
houses and on your
gates.”
– Deuteronomy 6:9
5. Menorah & Ark of
the Covenant
• 7-branched
candelabra found
in original
Temple
• Built to hold Ten
Commandments
Jewish Sects
Orthodox
• Only sect
until 300
yrs. Ago
• Law comes
from G-d
and can’t
be changed
Conservative
• Accept law
is binding
but feel it
can be
changed
Reform
• Make
choices
about
which
traditions
to follow
Jewish Origins
Ashkenazi
• Central & Eastern
Europe
• Yiddish culture
Sephardic
• Moorish Spain
Diaspora