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Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia Vocabulary, Section 1 • Nubia: an ancient region in the Nile River Valley • Cataract: rock-filled rapids Blue Nile • Herodotus: Ancient Greek explorer who wrote of Egypt White Nile • Herodotus wrote that there would not be an Egypt without the Nile River • Nile River: longest in the world; 4,000 miles • Two sources: Blue Nile from highlands of Ethiopia – rapid, fastmoving; White Nile from Eastern Africa – calmer, flows through swamps; they meet in Sudan Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Confluence: Where two smaller streams meet to form larger stream or river • The Nile River forms at confluence of Blue and White Nile • Ancient Nubia was along Nile River • Their section of river had six major cataracts • People had to live and farm close to river Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Delta: a plain of land and swamp at mouth of a river; formed by river depositing soil • Silt: fine soil found in river bottoms • Fertile: land that is good for raising crops • Nile ran 700 miles through Ancient Egypt from Aswan to the Mediterranean Sea • In “Upper Egypt” it had a narrow strip of approximately 6 miles on each side, then desert Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Nile flows south to north “up” the map • As Nile flows north, it slows down and spreads out • Yearly floods deposited fertile silt along lower Nile • River branches out as it reaches Mediterranean and forms a delta with rich farmland Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Ancient Egyptians believed Hapi was the God of the Nile • Egyptians called their land Kemet, “Black Land” due to dark, fertile soil • They called deserts “Red Land” and knew they were useless for farming but protected from invasion Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Nile served as “highway” for trade • Trading and farming communities grew along Nile • Nubians traded in caravans as their part of river was hard to sail Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia Vocabulary, Section 2 • Pharaoh: Title used by Egyptian kings • Dynasty: a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group • Ethnic group: people of the same race • Ancient Egypt had 31 dynasties from 3100 BCE to 332 BCE. • The dynasties were divided into three periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt and Nubia • Monarch: a queen or king • Regent: someone who rules for a child until he or she is old enough to become monarch • Hatshepsut was a woman who took title of pharaoh • Menes was pharaoh in First Dynasty; unified Upper and Lower Egypt