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Chapter 8
Microcomputers
1. Identify and describe the functional blocks
of a
microcomputer.
2. Select the type of memory needed for a
given application.
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
3. Understand how microcomputers or
microcontrollers can be applied in your field of
specialization.
4. Identify the internal registers and their
functions for the 68HC11 microcomputer.
5. List some of the instructions and addressing
modes of the 68HC11.
6. Write simple programs using the 68HC11
instruction set.
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
An embedded computer is part of a product,
such as an automobile, printer, or bread
machine, that is not called a computer.
A microcomputer or microcontroller is a
complete
computer containing the CPU, memory, and
I/O on a single silicon chip.
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
This computer, in which the instructions and
data are
stored in the same memory, has von Neumann
architecture (also known as Princeton
architecture).
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
MEMORY TYPES
(1) Read-and-write memory (RAM)
(2) Read-only memory (ROM)
(3) Mass storage
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
Selection of Memory
1. The trade-off between speed and cost
2. Whether the information is to be stored
permanently or must be changed frequently
3. Whether data are to be accessed in random
order or in sequence
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
Stacks and the Stack
Pointer Register
Stacks are last-in first-out memories.
Information is added to (pushed onto) the top
of the stack and
eventually read out (pulled off) in the reverse
order that it was written.
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING
In general, Motorola assembly language
statements take the form:
LABEL
COMMENT
INSTRUCTION/DIRECTIVE
OPERAND
Directives are used to give commands to the
assembler.
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
Example 8.3 Machine Code for Example 8.2
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers
ELECTRICA
L
ENGINEERING
Principles and Applications
Chapter 8
Microcomputers