Download MET 2204 METEOROLOGY

MET 2204
METEOROLOGY
Presentation 2: Introduction to
Meteorology
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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Learning Outcomes
• At the end of this session, student should be
able to:
– Appreciate the significance of meteorology in the
world of aviation.
– Get some idea and overview regarding
meteorology.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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What is METEOROLOGY??
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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Definition of Meteorology
Derived from Greek words:
Meteoron – ‘high in the sky’
Logos – ‘knowledge’
• The branch of science dealing with the earth’s
atmosphere and the physical process
occurring in it.
• Its Including moisture, temperature, cloud
coverage, pressure, and other meteorological
conditions.
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Cont.
• Meteorologist: Scientists who study the
atmosphere. They examine its effects on the
environment, predict the weather, or
investigate climate trends.
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So what is the atmosphere??
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The Atmosphere
• layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth
that is retained by Earth's gravity.
The earth’s atmosphere
varies vertically and
Horizontally in:
•Pressure
•Temperature
•Density
•Humidity
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Is air the same as atmosphere?
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• air usually refers to atmosphere that is
breathable to us, while atmosphere is any
pressurized gas environment.
So is there any air and/or atmosphere in other
planet??
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Aviation
Maritime
Agriculture
Application of
METEOROLOGY
Nuclear
Hydrometeorology
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Importance of Meteorology in Aviation
• Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of
weather on air traffic management.
• Overall climatic weather conditions to be
faced by an aviator with changing of seasons.
• Knowing the potential weather to ensure
flight journey safely.
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What’s the difference between
weather and climate?
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Weather
Climate
The state of atmospheric
conditions at the present
time. Weather is what is
happening now.
(e.g. People watch the
news to see what the
weather will be for the
day or tomorrow).
Average weather
conditions for a region.
Weather over a long
period of time in the
specific area/region.
(e.g. the climate of
Oregon is mild weather,
with rain.)
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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Basic concept of Weather
• Why there are variation in temperature for
every regions?
– Earth’s equator received more solar radiation than
earth’s poles. So it warmer than poles.
• Why there are variation in weather?
– Temperature difference results because land and
water (different medium) don’t absorb solar
radiation equally.
– So, warm air and cold air mixing in atmosphere
result changingPresented
of weather.
by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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Cont.
• What caused of wind flow?
– Difference in pressure in atmosphere.
– Air tend to move from area of high pressure to
low pressure.
Presented by Mohd Amirul for AMC
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How Weather can be Hazardous to
Aviation?
1. Turbulence/Windshear
- bumpiness in flight
- structural damage to an aircraft
- lose of altitude
2. Icing
- change in flight performance
- increase in weight and uneven loading.
- engine intakes become blocked
- control surfaces jam
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Cont.
3. Thunderstorms / lightning
- Can caused electrical/electronic systems failure
- Affect radio communications and navigation equipment
4. Heavy rain / hail
- reduction of visibility
- affect braking and possible sliding off the runway
-hail can affect the aircraft’s aerodynamics
- hail can damage propeller and engine blades
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Cont.
5. Snow
- affect the airflow into the engines
- affect braking action
- disturbing the aerodynamics & weight of the aircraft
- resultant error of the airspeed and altitude indication
-visibility
6. Fog/Mist
- degrade the visibility that affected the landing.
7. Low cloud/Poor visibility
- can caused collision
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Statistics of Air Disaster caused by
Weather Problem
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Causes of Fatal Accidents by Decade
(percentage)
Cause
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
All
Pilot Error
40
32
24
25
27
26
29
Pilot
Error (weather
related)
11
18
14
17
21
17
16
Pilot Error
(mechanical
related)
7
5
4
2
4
3
5
Total Pilot Error
58
57
42
44
53
46
50
Other Human
Error
0
8
9
6
8
8
6
Weather
16
10
13
15
9
9
12
Mechanical
Failure
21
20
23
21
21
28
22
Sabotage
5
5
11
13
10
9
9
Other Cause
0
2
2
1
0
1
1
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Percent of Accidents with Known
Causes
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Example of Air Disaster Caused by
Weather
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Pan Am Flight 759
July 9th , 1982
• Encountered severe
windshear and descended
into a residential area.
Boeing 727
• The aircraft crashed on
takeoff from runway 10
at New Orleans International
Airport
• 153 people were killed (145
passengers and crew on
board and 8 on the ground)
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Buffalo Air Crash
February 12th , 2009
• The aircraft, on a scheduled
passenger flight from Newark,
crashed while on approach to
the Buffalo/Niagara
International Airport
Bombardier Dash 8Q-400 N200WQ
• Snow and haze conditions, and
ice on the windshield and
leading edge of the wings.
• All 49 persons aboard the plane
were killed, as well as one man
on the ground
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Conclusion
• Meteorology is the scientific study of
the atmosphere that focuses
on weather processes and forecasting.
• Meteorology has application in many diverse
fields such as the military, energy production,
transport, agriculture and construction.
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Cont.
• FOO should have sufficient knowledge and
skill to interpret and predict meteorological
information efficiently.
• They must use this information to ensure
flight journey safety.
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Key Points
• Definition of Meteorology
• Different between weather and climate
• Importance of Meteorological in Aviation
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End of Presentation #2
5 Minutes for Q/A session
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Task:
• Do some research and study regarding next
topic: Atmosphere
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Quote of the Day
• Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind
braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is
really no such thing as bad weather, only
different kinds of good weather =)
~John Ruskin
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