Download rest and sleep

REST AND SLEEP
 Rest
is a state of mental and
physical relaxation and calmness.
body activities continue..
 Sleep is a state of altered
consciousness (non-voluntary)
during which a person has minimal
physical activity, changes in level of
consciousness, and a slowing of
physiologic processes.
Rest
Lying Down
 Reading a book
 Taking a walk
 Playing a board
game
 TV
 cooking

Sleep
Cyclical
 Restorative
 Decreased motor
activity

PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP
 The
stages of sleep are identified
by EEG patterns, eye movements,
and muscle activity.
 Sleep phases are classified as nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
 Note: if sleep cycle is broken a
new cycle starts with non-rem
THE SLEEP CYCLE
 The
sequence of sleep begins with
the four stages of NREM
sleep,followed by
the first REM sleep.
 The duration of a sleep cycle is
usually
60 to 90 minutes.
 Sleeper generally goes through 4–6
cycles during sleep period of 7–8
hours.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
 An
internal mechanism in a living
organism capable of measuring
time.
 It controls the daily variations in
hundreds of physiologic processes.
FACTORS AFFECTING
REST AND SLEEP
 Physical
comfort
 Psychological factors
 Environment
 Lifestyle stressors
 Diet
 Medications and other substances
 Age/aging
Things That Affect Sleep

Positive
–
–
–
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Comfort
Workout
Tryptophan
drugs

Negative
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Pain
Hospital
Cola, caffeine
Heavy meal/hungry
Drugs
Illness
Pregnancy
Age
SLEEP PATTERN ALTERATIONS
Insomnia
 Hypersomnia
 Narcolepsy
 Sleep
apnea/snoring
 Sleep
deprivation

Parasomnias
 Restless leg
syndrome
 Periodic limb
movement disorder
 Nocturnal sleeprelated eating
disorder

INSOMNIA
Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
 Causes include stress, depression, medical
problems, caffeine, alcohol, pain, poor
sleep habits, smoking, or changes in sleep
patterns related to travel or shift work.
 Treatment is best focused on modifying the
factors or behaviors causing it. Involves
family solutions.
 NX Dx sleep deprivation M/B irritability and
confusion.

HYPERSOMNIA
 Characterized
by excessive sleep,
especially in the day time.
 Causes can be physical or
psychological.
 Treat to address the underlying
cause.
NARCOLEPSY
 Sudden,
irresistible urge to fall
asleep during the daytime.
 Can occur during conversation or
while driving.
 Lasts few seconds or 30 minutes
or more.
 No cure; scheduled, daytime naps
help.
SLEEP APNEA/SNORING
 Sleep
apnea is a period, during
sleep, of not breathing following
a period of loud snoring, which
may cause excessive daytime
sleepiness and can increase the
risk of heart attack or stroke.
SLEEP
APNEA/SNORING (continued)
Treatment includes:
 Nasal continuous positive airway
pressure device (CPAP), .
 Dental appliances that reposition
the tongue.
 Surgery.
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
 Term
used for prolonged inadequate
quality and quantity of sleep.
 Can result from age, hospitalization,
drug and substance use, illness, and
frequent changes in lifestyle
patterns.
 Most effective intervention is to treat
or minimize factors causing
deprivation.
PARASOMNIA
 Disorders
that intrude on sleep in
very active ways.
 Somnambulism (sleepwalking),
sleeptalking, sleep terrors, REM
movement disorder, bed wetting,
bruxism (teeth grinding) are most
common.
 Treatment varies.
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
 Tingling
or crawling in muscles;
twitching, burning, prickling, or deep
aching in the foot, calf or upper leg
when at rest.
 Only relieved by walking, standing,
or moving or rubbing the legs.
 Symptoms may be relieved by
opiates, benzodiazepines, or L-dopa.
PERIODIC LIMB
MOVEMENTS IN SLEEP
 Repetitive
leg movements every
20 to 40 seconds throughout the
night.
 Multiple sleep interruptions occur,
leading to daytime sleepiness and
night-time insomnia
NOCTURNAL SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER (NSRED)
 Rapid
and chaotic eating when
partially or fully awake with
variable recall of the episode.
 Clients gain weight with only
moderate daytime eating, are not
hungry in the morning, and are
chronically tired.
NURSING
PROCESS–ASSESSMENT
 Nature
of sleep
 Quality of sleep
 Sleep environment
 Associated factors
 Opinion of sleep
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Disturbed
sleep pattern
 Sleep deprivation
 Activity intolerance/related to lack
of sleep as evidenced by verbal
complaint, extreme fatigue,
disorientation, confusion, and lack
of energy
PLANNING/OUTCOME
IDENTIFICATION
 Client
input should be incorporated
into the plan and goals.
 Must focus on the true cause of the
sleep alteration or disturbance.
IMPLEMENTATION
A
trusting nurse-client relationship
 Relaxing environment
 Relaxation techniques
 Nutritional considerations
 Pharmacological interventions
 Client education
Questions