Download Stress ~Body and minds reaction to everyday demands.

Stress
~Body and minds reaction to
everyday demands.
Two major systems affected:
1. Nervous System
2. Endocrine System
Perception
~ Act of becoming aware through the
senses.
Two Types of Stress:
• Distress (Negative stress)- too much
stress, not knowing how to cope.
• Eustress (Positive Stress)- stressful
feelings of excitement. Challenges,
reasons to wake up in the morning.
• What is stress?
Stressor
~ any stimulus that produces
a stress response.
Five Categories of Stressors:
Biological- illness, disabilities, injuries
Environmental- poverty, pollution, noise,
crowding
Cognitive- the way you perceive a situation
Personal Behavior- negative reactions in the
body and mind caused by using tobacco,
alcohol, or drugs
Life Situation- death of a pet, relationship
problems
Physical Changes
• Short-term- Headaches, upset stomach, heart
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rate increases, perspiration increases, breathing
faster, adrenaline is released.
TMJ Syndrome- grinding of teeth and jaw.
General Adaptation Syndrome- body’s
response to stress.
Adrenaline (The Emergency Hormone)secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare body
to respond to a stressor.
Physical Changes cont…
• Long-Term: Frequent colds or flu,
Cardiovascular disease, ulcers, insomnia,
migraines, high blood pressure
Social/Mental/Emotional Effects
• Difficulty concentrating, mood swings,
substance abuse
• Chronic Stress- stress associated with
long-term problems that are beyond a
person’s control.
~Less intense then flight or fight response
but lasts longer.
Three Stages of Body’s Response
1. Alarm- body’s initial response to a physical, mental, or
social stress. Flight or Fight response prepares body for
action.
2. Resistance- the body adapts to the rush created by
the alarm and reacts to the stressor. Flight or Fight
takes place.
Fight-your ability to resist a challenge.
Flight-may be able to run faster then usual.
3. Fatigue- Wear and tear on the body, lowers level of
activity, and lowered resistance to disease.
 Physical- soreness, pain in muscle
 Psychological- depression, boredom, isolation
 Pathological- tiredness, get sick quicker
Fight or Flight Examples:
• Imagine you are a goalie in a soccer game. The ball has
been kicked by an opposite team player and is heading
straight towards the goal. Your heart starts to beat
faster as you up for the ball and make the block.
 When the soccer ball was coming towards the goal, the
response was to confront the situation or “FIGHT”
ADRENALINE!!!!!!!
Causes of Stress
• Coping- time is a major factor in relieving
stress.
• Time Management Skills- effective
ways of arranging time to prevent rushing,
missed deadlines, and unnecessary stress.
Five Ways to Cope
1. Planning- think ahead, know what to expect
2. Laughing- accept reality, you are human
3. Rechanneling your energy- run, walk, sing
4. Learn to Relax- clear your mind
5. Call on support group- ask people for help
• Relaxation Response- a state of calm can be
reached if one or more relaxation techniques
are practiced regularly.
Personality Types
Type A- Intense sense of urgency, need to accomplish as
much as possible in a short period of time, very
competitive and achievement oriented. 85% are type A.
Type B- Takes things in stride, not too much emphasis on
time or quickness, calm, relaxed, easy going.
Anxiety
~ is the condition of feeling uneasy or
worried about what may happen.
• Symptoms: fear, perspiration,
restlessness, increased heart rate.
• Coping: Stress management techniques
(relax, exercise)
Depression
~ a prolonged feeling of helplessness,
hopelessness, and sadness.
Two Types of Depression:
1.Reactive Depression- response to
stressful event (death)
2.Major Depression- medical condition
requiring treatment (last longer)
Causes of Depression
• Inability to cope with life crisis
• Changes in brain structure
• Genetic predisposition
• Low serotonin levels
• Traumatic family events
• Physical illness or disorders
• Alcohol or drug use
Symptoms
Risks of Depression
• School performance-tend to be tired, difficulty
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concentrating
Social Isolation- withdraw from family and friends
Drug Addictions-depend on drugs to alter mood
Other addictions-depend on certain behaviors
Physical illnesses-Immune system is suppressed
Mental disorders-Increase risk for many mental
disorders
Suicide attempts
Resiliency
~is the ability to adapt effectively and
recover from disappointment; crisis.
Factors:
1.External Factors- family, friends, community.
2.Internal Factors- your attitude, beliefs,
behaviors, perceptions.
Proactive Factors- conditions that shield
individuals from the negative consequences or
exposure to risk.
Developmental Assets- building blocks of
development that help young people grow up as
healthy, caring, responsible individuals.
Therapy Methods
• Psychotherapy- an on going dialogue between a
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patient and a mental health professional.
Behavior Therapy- treatment process that focuses on
changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and
reinforcements.
Cognitive Therapy- treatment method designed to
identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can
lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome.
Group Therapy- treating a group of people who have
similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained
counselor.
Biomedical Therapy- use of certain medications to
treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder.
Suicide
• Suicide- Intentionally taking of one’s own life
– Some teens view suicide as a way to end depression,
or a way to escape problems
• Cluster Suicides- a series of suicides occurring
over a short period of time and involving people
who are connected in some way
Risk Factor For Suicide
• Prior suicide attempt
• Having a psychiatric disorder, such as depression,
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bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorder
Alcohol or substance abuse
Family history of mental disorders or substance abuse
Family history of suicide
Family violence, including physical or sexual abuse
Firearms in the home
Significant medical illness: Ex. Cancer
Early warning Signs of Suicide
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Talking about suicide
Withdrawing from social contact
Wide mood swings
Preoccupation with death and dying
Changes in normal routine; sleeping patterns, eating
Personality changes
Risky or self destructive behaviors
Giving away prized belongings
Saying goodbye to people as if they wont see them
again
Statistics
“Suicide is a major, preventable health problem. In
2004, it was the 11th leading cause of death in
the U.S., accounting for 32,439 deaths. The
overall rate was 10.9 suicide deaths per 100,000
people. An estimated 8-25 attempted suicides
occur per every suicide death”
-National Institute of Mental Health (2004)