Download Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders
Diagnosing and Identifying
Some of Chapter 14 & all of
Chapter 15
How do you know if somebody is
mentally ill?
Personality Inventories
Objective
Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory-2
(MMPI-2)
Projective
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT)
What is a psychological disorder?
A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing,
maladaptive and unjustifiable behavior
Perspective  Therapy
Medical Perspective
Philippe Pinel (1800ish)
Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
Learning Perspective
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Classifying Disorders
DSM-IV-TR
Neurotic vs. psychotic
DSM-IV Diagnoses
David Rosenhan and Thomas Szasz
Major Classes
Anxiety
Affect
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Phobia
AgoraSimple (Specific)
Social
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsession
Compulsion
Explaining Anxiety Disorders
Learning Perspective
Conditioning of Fear
Biological Perspective
Evolution
– Fear of Snakes
Genes
– Identical Twins develop similar phobias
Physiology
– Frontal lobe
– Serotonin
– Amygdala
Affective Disorders
Major Depression
Dysthymia
Bipolar
Mania
Depression
– Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar
Allan Poe
Cyclothymia
Explaining Affective Disorders
Psychoanalytic Perspective
– Childhood maladaptivity
Biological Perspective
– Genetic – runs in families
– Biochemical
» Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania,
scarce during depression
» Serotonin – SSRIs
» Frontal Lobes – less active in depression
Cognitive Perspective
Learned helplessness  self-defeating beliefs
– M.E.P. Seligman
Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Dissociative Disorders
Depersonalization
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Schizophrenia
Disorganized thinking
– Hallucinations & delusions
» Grandeur
» Paranoid
» Reference
– Clanging & word salad
Flat Affect
Types of Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms & Negative Symptoms
Chronic vs. acute
– Paranoid
– Disorganized
– Catatonic
Explaining Schizophrenia
Brain Abnormalities
Dopamine Overactivity
– Movement, learning, attention, emotion
Glutamate Overactivity
Brain Activity
– Low frontal lobe activity
» Planning and organization
– Fluid-filled sinuses
» Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
Birth Factors
– Virus or starvation during pregnancy
Genetics
Behavioral Approach
Token Economy
Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality
– Withdrawn b/c of anxiety
Schizoid Personality Disorder
– Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity”
Histrionic Personality
– Dramatic and impulsive
Narcissistic
– Exaggerate own importance
Borderline
– Unstable
Antisocial Personality Disorder
– Prisoner
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Explaining Personality Disorders
Chemistry of Crime
Low autonomic response
Unresponsive to standard rewards
Low frontal lobe activity
– Phineas Gage
Social-Biological Interaction
– State-Trait Theory
Rates of Disorder
Percentage of Americans Who Have Ever Experienced Psychological Disorders
Ethnicity
Gender
Disorder
White
Black
Hispanic
Men
Women
Totals
Alcohol abuse
or dependence
13.6%
13.8%
16.7%
23.8%
4.6%
13.8%
Generalized anxiety
3.4
6.1
3.7
2.4
5.0
3.8
Phobia
9.7
23.4
12.2
10.4
17.7
14.3
Obsessive-compulsive
disorder
2.6
2.3
1.8
2.0
3.0
2.6
Mood disorder
8.0
6.3
7.8
5.2
10.2
7.8
Schizophrenic
disorder
1.4
2.1
0.8
1.2
1.7
1.5
Antisocial personality
disorder
2.6
2.3
3.4
4.5
0.8
2.6