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Chapter 13
The Endocrine System
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Overview of Structures,
Combining Forms, and Functions
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Structures of the Endocrine System
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Adrenal Glands
• Primary Functions
– Regulate electrolyte levels.
– Influence metabolism.
– Respond to stress.
• Related Combining Form
– adren/o
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Gonads*
• Primary Function
– Regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex
characteristics.
• Related Combining Form
– gonad/o
*Males: testicles (2)
*Females: ovaries (2)
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Pancreatic Islets
• Primary Functions
– Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism.
• Related Combining Form
– pancreat/o
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Parathyroid Glands
• Primary Function
– Regulate calcium levels throughout the body.
• Related Combining Form
– parathyroid/o
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Pineal Gland
• Primary Function
– Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.
• Related Combining Form
– pineal/o
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Pituitary Gland
• Primary Function
– Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other
endocrine glands.
• Related Combining Forms
– pituit/o, pituitar/o
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Thymus
• Primary Function
– Plays a major role in the immune reaction.
• Related Combining Form
– thym/o
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Thyroid Gland
• Primary Functions
– Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous
system.
• Related Combining Forms
– thyr/o, thyroid/o
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Animations
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Endocrine System
[Insert Endocrine System animation]
Click to play animation
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Diabetic Retinopathy
[Insert Diabetic Retinopathy animation]
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Secondary Sex Characteristics
[Insert Secondary Sex Characteristics animation]
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The Pancreas
[Insert Pancreas animation]
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Answers to Learning Exercises
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Chapter 13 Answers
Matching Word Parts 1
13.1. adren/o
13.2. acr/o
13.3. gonad/o
13.4. -dipsia
13.5. crin/o
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Matching Word Parts 2
13.6. -ism
13.7. pancreat/o
13.8. parathyroid/o
13.9. pineal/o
13.10. pituitar/o
Chapter 13 Answers
Matching Word Parts 3
13.11. somat/o
13.12. poly13.13. glyc/o
13.14. thyroid/o
13.15. thym/o
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Definitions
13.16. luteinizing
13.17. pituitary
13.18. adrenocorticotropic
13.19. thymus
13.20. calcitonin
Chapter 13 Answers
Definitions
13.21. adrenal cortex
13.22. glucagon
13.23. adrenal medulla
13.24. oxytocin
13.25. testosterone
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Matching Structures
13.26. pancreatic islets
13.27. pituitary gland
13.28. pineal gland
13.29. adrenal glands
13.30. thyroid gland
Chapter 13 Answers
Which Word?
13.31. acromegaly
13.32. anterior lobe
13.33. insulin resistance
13.34. diabetes insipidus
13.35. Cushing’s
syndrome
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Spelling Counts
13.36. metabolism
13.37. mellitus
13.38. myxedema
13.39. progesterone
13.40. thymosin
Chapter 13 Answers
Abbreviation
Identification
Term Selection
13.41. adrenocorticotropic 13.46. hypercrinism
hormone
13.47. hypercalcemia
13.42. antidiuretic hormone
13.48. parathyroid
13.43. diabetes mellitus
13.49. prolactinoma
13.44. oral glucose
13.50. fructosamine
tolerance test
13.45. follicle-stimulating
hormone
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Chapter 13 Answers
Sentence Completion
13.51. electrolytes
13.52. thyroxine
13.53. retinopathy
13.54. polyphagia
13.55. exophthalmos
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Word Surgery
13.56. hyper-, pituitar,
-ism
13.57. hypo-, glyc, -emia
13.58. hyper-, insulin,
-ism
13.59. gynec/o, mast, -ia
13.60. hypo-, calc, -emia
Chapter 13 Answers
True/False
13.61. False
13.62. True
13.63. False
13.64. False
13.65. True
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Clinical Conditions
13.66. antidiuretic
13.67. polydipsia
13.68. Addison’s disease
13.69. insulinoma
13.70. Hashimoto’s
thyroiditis
Chapter 13 Answers
Clinical Conditions
13.71. anabolic
13.72. leptin
13.73. cretinism
13.74. gigantism
13.75. pancreatectomy
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Which Is the Correct
Medical Term?
13.76. neurohormones
13.77. pituitary adenoma
13.78. Graves’
13.79. diabetic coma
13.80. melatonin
Chapter 13 Answers
Challenge Word
Building
13.81. adrenopathy
13.82. endocrinology
13.83. adrenomegaly
13.84. thymopathy
13.85. thyroiditis
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13.86. pancreatotomy
13.87. thyroidotomy
13.88. pinealopathy
13.89. insulinemia
13.90. adrenitis
Chapter 13 Answers
Labeling Exercises
13.91. pineal
13.92. parathyroid
13.93. thymus
13.94. ovaries
13.95. hypothalamus
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13.96. pituitary
13.97. thyroid
13.98. adrenal
13.99. pancreatic
13.100. testicles