Download Ch 10 Blood

Chapter 10
Blood
Lecture Presentation by
Patty Bostwick-Taylor
Florence-Darlington Technical
College
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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FX: Transportation of:
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Nutrients
Wastes
Hormones
Body heat
A Connective Tissue:
◦ The only fluid tissue in the human body
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Components
◦ Living cells = Formed elements
◦ Nonliving matrix = Plasma
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FORMED ELEMENTS:
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
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Buffy coat = leukocytes and platelets
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◦ Protein hemoglobin carries oxygen
◦ Comprises 45% of blood
 This represents the hematocrit, blood fraction
◦ Comprises less than 1% of blood
◦ thin, whitish layer between the erythrocytes and plasma
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PLASMA
◦ Comprises 55 percent of blood
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When blood is spun in
a centrifuge, the layers
stack as follows:
◦ Plasma
◦ Buffy Coat
◦ Erythrocytes
Centrifuged blood
Image credit: http://www.researchgate.net/topic/ficoll
Plasma 55%
Constituent
Major Functions
Water
90% of plasma volume; solvent
for carrying other substances;
absorbs heat
Salts (electrolytes)
Sodium
Osmotic balance, pH buffering,
Potassium
regulation of membrane
Calcium
permeability
Magnesium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Plasma proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
Osmotic balance, pH buffering
Clotting of blood
Defense (antibodies)
and lipid transport
Substances transported by blood
Nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins)
Waste products of metabolism (urea, uric acid)
Respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
Hormones (steroids and thyroid hormone
are carried by plasma proteins)
Formed elements (cells) 45%
Cell Type
Number
(per mm3 of blood)
Erythrocytes
(red blood cells)
Leukocytes
(white blood cells)
4–6 million
4,800–10,800
Functions
Transport oxygen
and help transport
carbon dioxide
Defense and
immunity
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Platelets
250,000–400,000 Blood clotting
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Color range
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pH must remain between 7.35 and 7.45
◦ Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red
◦ Oxygen-poor blood is dull red
 Hemoglobin is a protein
 It’s structure can be denatured by acidic pH
 It loses it’s ability to carry oxygen
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Blood temp. is about 100.4°F
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Volume:
◦ In a healthy man, about 5–6 liters (or about 6 quarts)
◦ Blood makes up 8 percent of body weight
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approximately 90 percent water
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Includes:
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Nutrients (amino acids, vitamins, sugars, fatty acids)
Salts (electrolytes: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, buffers)
Respiratory gases (O and CO )
Hormones (steroids, thyroid)
Plasma proteins (clotters, buffers, antibodies)
Waste products of metabolism
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2
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Acidosis = Blood pH becomes too acidic
Alkalosis = Blood pH becomes too basic
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Kidneys and Respiratory system manage pH
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Erythrocytes
◦ Red blood cells (RBCs)
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Leukocytes
◦ White blood cells (WBCs)
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Platelets
◦ Cell fragments
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Erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs)
◦ Main function is to carry oxygen via hemoglobin
 Iron bearing protein
◦ Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes
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Biconcave disks
Essentially bags of hemoglobin
“Anucleate” (no nucleus)
very few organelles
◦ Normal RBC count = 5 million per cubic millimeter
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Two distinct groups based on visibility of granules
 Granulocytes :
 Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Basophiles
 Agranulocytes :
 Lymphocytes
 monocytes
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Granules provide storage:
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for enzymes
For inflammatory chemicals
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Hemoglobin
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Iron-containing protein
Binds strongly to oxygen
Affected by swings in pH
One molecule has four oxygen binding sites
250 million molecules in ONE erythrocyte
Normal blood contains 12–18 g of hemoglobin per
100 mL of blood
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.