Download Co-ordination

Co-ordination
Electrical messenger
Chemical messenger
Nervous System
Neuron
cytoplasm
dendron
nucleus
cell membrane
direction of
nerve impulses
axon
nucleus of cell which
makes the myelin
sheath
Nerve fiber
Myelin Sheath
•Protection of nerve fiber
•Speed up impulse transfer
Rest Potential
--
+
More + ion outside the nerone
+
1. Na K pump
+
2. K channel
3. Big - ions
Action potential
Action potential
mechanism
• Depolarization
Stimulus to threshold
Na channel open
Inside nerone turn +ve.
• Repolarization
Potential rise inside nerone to max
Na channel close
More k channel open so hyperpolarised
Rest potential established by na k pump.
Na open
Refractory period
K open
Na close
synapse
ending of axon secretes a
chemical which diffuses
into synapse and stimulates
the next neurone to pass
on the impulse
the chemical is unstable
and will be destroyed
later
Synapse
Synapse mechanism
Go
Synaptic
Cleft
Neurotransmitter
in vesicle release to
cleft. It diffuse to
another side and
attach on surface
receptor. Enzyme
next to receptor
break down.
Transmitter
Brain
Reflex arc : sensory, association,
motor neurones
dorsal root ganglion
receptor sensory neurone
(pain)
effector
(muscle)
motor neurone
dorsal root (sensory nerve)
association
neurone
spinal cord
ventral root (motor nerve)
white matter
grey matter
central canal
spinal cord
spinal nerve
Peripheral Nervous System
consist of cranial nerves
and spinal nerves
these nerves leave CNS
and run out to every part
of the body
spinal
nerve
cranial
nerve
Spinal Cell
Endocrine System
Hormone concept
Steroid concept
Endocrine organs
Hormone concept
Hormone is chemical messenger.
It required a fitted receptor.
Hormone attaching to receptor calls response.
Hormone concept 2
Hormone required blood vessel
to transport to whole body.
Water soluble hormone
Water soluble hormone only
attach to membrane receptor.
Fat soluble hormone
(steroid)
Steroid can penetrate cell membrane and
bind to internal receptor.
Example of steroids
Feedback mechanism
Negative feedback reduce hormone
production when effect of hormone
expressed
Endocrine and Exocrine
Blood vessel
Secretary duct
Endocrine organs
Adrenal gland
Adrenalin
Photo of adrenal gland
Pancreas
Islet of langerhans
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Control of endocrine system
Hormone control hormone
Nerve control hormone
Anterior and Posterior
Pituitary gland
Posterior
Anterior
Photo of pituitary gland