Download Muscle

Question:
Are the alveoli always at the end of
the 24th division of the tertiary
(segmental) bronchi?
Answer:
(See figure)
This number is approximate. These
bronchi can divide up to 24 times,
but don’t always.
http://www.ecc-book.com/Anatomy_Lecture_1_Lungs.pdf
• 2 separate sacs
• Pleural layers continuous in each sac
• Costal: pertaining to ribs
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 41.
Bones
Ribs/ribcage
Vertebral column
Muscles
Thoracic
Accessory
Diaphragm
Abdominal
• Clavicle (collarbone)
• Sternum (breastbone)
• Manubrium
• Sternal angle
• Body
• Xiphoid/Ensiform
process
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html
C1-C7
• 32-34 Vertebrae
•
•
•
•
T1-T12
7 cervical (C#)
12 thoracic (T#)
5 lumbar (L#)
5 sacral (S#)
L1-L5
• fused- sacrum
• 3-5 coccygeal (none)
• fused- coccyx
Sacrum
Coccyx
http://www.everythingicafe.com/forum/threads/this-case-looks-awesome.28863/page-10
•
•
•
•
2 connections with thoracic vertebrae
Angle: where direction of rib changes to anterior
Costal groove: protects blood vessels and nerves
Costochondral joint: connects rib (bone) and costal cartilage
http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/thoraxbones.htm
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 48.
http://retilde.wordpress.com/category/rib-cage/
• 12 rib pairs
• Connected to
vertebrae
• True ribs (7)
• Synchondrosis (rib 1)
• synovial/sternocostal
joints
• False ribs (3)
• Floating ribs (2)
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNo5HJIY5w4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapula
Bones
Ribs/ribcage
Vertebral column
Muscles
Thoracic
Accessory
Diaphragm
Abdominal
Thoracic Muscles
External
Intercostals
Internal
Intercostals
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversus
Thoracis
Serratus (3)
Levatores
Costarum
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus
Abdominus
Obliques
(2)
Transversus
Abdominus
Scalenus
Diaphragm
Thoracic Muscles
External
Intercostals
Internal
Intercostals
• External intercostals
• Between ribs (11)
• Origin: vertebrae
• Course down and lateral
• Insertion: costal cartilages
• Contract: ribs move up and out
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
• Internal intercostals
• Between ribs (11)
• Origin: sternum
• Course down and lateral
(opposite external intercostals)
• Insertion: rib angle
• Contract: ribs move down and in
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/
Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.
Thoracic Muscles
External
Intercostals
Internal
Intercostals
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversus
Thoracis
Serratus (3)
Levatores
Costarum
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus
Abdominus
Obliques
(2)
Transversus
Abdominus
Scalenus
Diaphragm
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversus
Thoracis
Levatores
Costarum
Serratus
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Scalenus
Posterior
Inferior
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Origins: manubrium of
sternum and clavicle
• Unite and course upward
• Insertion: mastoid
process of temporal
bone
• Contract: when head is
fixed, bilateral
contraction elevates
sternum, clavicle,
ribcage
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5086/
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.
• Transversus thoracis
• Origin: lower sternum
• Insertion: upper ribs
• Contract: depresses ribs
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5289/
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.
• Scalenus
• Origin: cervical vertebrae
• Insertion: ribs 1 & 2
• Contract: raises ribs
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5270/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5267/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5262/
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.
• Serratus anterior
• Origin: ribs
• Insertion: scapula
• Contract: elevates ribs
• Serratus posterior superior
• Origin: cervical/thoracic
vertebrae
• Insertion: upper ribs
• Contract: elevates ribs
• Serratus posterior inferior
• Origin: thoracic/lumbar
vertebrae
• Insertion: lower ribs
• Contract: depresses ribs
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5505/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5284/
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5285/
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.
• Levatores costarum
• Origin: cervical/thoracic
vertebrae
• Insertion: rib below origin
• Contract: elevate ribs
(similar to external
intercostals)
http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5238/
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.
Thoracic Muscles
External
Intercostals
Internal
Intercostals
Accessory Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Transversus
Thoracis
Serratus (3)
Levatores
Costarum
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus
Abdominus
Obliques
(2)
Transversus
Abdominus
Scalenus
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
• Major muscle of inspiration
• Sheet of muscle and tendon
between the lungs and abdomen
• Dome-shaped
• Muscle: 3 attachments
• Sternal origin: Xiphoid process
• Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-12
• Vertebral origin: upper lumbar
vertebrae (crura)
• Right crus: L1-L3 or L4
• Left crus: L1-L2
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 20.