Download Appendicular Skeleton PPT - Cumberland County Schools

Skeleton Organization
• Axial Skeleton: Skull and Vertebrae
• Appendicular Skeleton: Appendages
Appendicular
Skeleton
Figure 7.42
Pectoral Girdle
• Clavicles: collar bones that attach the
sternum to the shoulder anteriorly.
• Scapulae: shoulder blades with two
processes.
– Acromion process: tip of the shoulder.
– Coracoid process: attaches to the clavicle
and provides attachments for muscles.
– Glenoid fossa articulates with the humerus.
Upper limb
• Humerus: upper arm bone, articulates
with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
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Upper limb cont.
• Radius: thumb side of the forearm,
articulates with the capitulum of the
humerus and the radial notch of the ulna
• Ulna: longer bone of the forearm,
olecranon and coronoid processes
articulate with the humerus
Hand
• Carpal bones: eight small bones of the
wrist.
• Metacarpal bones: five bones, the
framework of the palm.
• Phalanges: finger bones, three in each
finger (proximal, middle, distal phalanx),
two in the thumb.
Figure 7.47
Pelvic Girdle
• Coxal bones: two hips bones composed
of three fused bones.
– Ilium: superior part of the coxal bone.
– Ischium: lowest portion of the coxal bone.
– Pubis: anterior part of the coxal bone. The
two pubic bones joint at the symphysis pubis.
Iliac crest
(bone) Pubis
Obturator foramen
Figure 7.49
Figure 7.49
Superior iliac notch
Inferior iliac notch
Pubic tubercle
Lesser sciatic notch
Male and Female Pelvis
• Female iliac bones are more flared. “Hips
are wide”
• female pubic arch angle is greater.
• The sacral curvature is shorter and flatter.
• greater distance between the ischial
spines and tuberosities in the female.
• The differences create a wider pelvic
cavity in all diameters
• Larger pelvic brim
WHY???
Figure 7.51
Lower Limb
• Femur: thigh bone, longest bone
• Patella: kneecap, located in a tendon,
femur, tibia, and patella form the knee joint
• Tibia: shinbone, lateral malleolus forms
the ankle
• Fibula: slender bone lateral to the tibia,
not part of the knee joint
Figure 7.52
Linea aspera
(posterior)
Popliteal surface
Foot
• Tarsal bones: seven small bones in the
ankle. The calcaneus (heel bone) is the
largest, located below the talus.
• Metatarsal bones: elongated bones that
form the arch of the foot.
• Phalanges: each toe has three except the
great tow which has two.
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Figure 7.55