Download Orthopeadic Anatomy

Anatomical Position
 Anatomical Position
 position used to identify human anatomy
 this position includes:
 standing straight
 feet shoulder width apart
 elbows straight
 palms facing forward
Anatomical Terminology
 Anterior & Posterior
 Medial & Lateral
 Superior & Inferior
 Distal & Proximal
 Deep & Superficial
 Supine & Prone
 Dorsal & Ventral
Anatomical Terminology
 Anterior
 in front of
 Posterior
 in back of, behind
 Medial
 towards the inside, midline of body
 Lateral
 towards the outside, away from midline of body
Anatomical Terminology
 Superior
 towards the top or head
 Inferior
 towards the bottom or feet
 Distal
 away from the main body or point of reference
 Proximal
 towards the main body or point of reference
Anatomical Terminology
 Deep
 away from the surface
 Superficial
 towards the surface
 Supine
 laying on your back, stomach facing up
 Prone
 laying on your stomach, back facing up
Anatomical Terminology
 Dorsal
 the back side
 Ventral
 the stomach side
Movement Terminology
 Flexion & Extension
 Abduction & Adduction
 Rotation
 Supination & Pronation
 Foot Movements ONLY:
 dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion
Movement Terminology
 Flexion
 brings two bones closer together, decreasing the joint angle
 Extension
 opposite of flexion
 moving two bones away from each other, increasing the joint
angle & distance between bones
 if extension is > 180° = hyperextension
Movement Terminology
 Abduction (ABD)
 moving an extremity away from the midline of the body, also
refers to the fanning of the fingers/toes
 Adduction (ADD)
 opposite of abduction
 moving an extremity towards the midline of the body
 “add” to the body
Movement Terminology
 Rotation
 movement of a bone around an axis
 a direction is usually given with this movement
 internal rotation (IR) = rotating inward
 also called medial rotation
 external rotation (ER) = rotating outward
 also called lateral rotation
Movement Terminology
 Supination
 moving the palm from an posterior, down facing position to a
anterior, up facing position
 “hold a bowl of soup”
 Pronation
 moving the palm from an anterior, up facing position to a
posterior, down facing position
 “pour out the soup”
Movement Terminology
 Foot Movements ONLY:
 dorsiflexion
 moving your foot towards the shin
 “standing on your heels”
 plantarflexion
 pointing the toes downward
 “standing on your toes”
 inversion
 turning the sole of your foot medially
 eversion
 turning the sole of your foot laterally