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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5 Functional Anatomy: CNS Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure *name, location & general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~ Forebrain - Cortex Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell bodies) Organized in layers some input, some output Neocortex 6 layers ~ Forebrain - Fiber Systems White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems Commissural Association Projection ~ Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~ Anterior Anterior Forebrain Fibers Systems Association Fibers interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere Projection Fibers all other *CNS fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract Naming convention ~ Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection Forebrain Subcortical Areas Diencephalon Surrounds 3rd ventricle Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~ Thalamus Lateral Geniculate Nuclei LGN vision Medial Geniculate Nuclei MGN audition ~ Hypothalamus 4Fs Feeding Fighting fleeing, and ... mating Controls the pituitary gland ~ Subcortical: Limbic System Emotion; Learning & Memory Structures Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus Mammilary bodies Olfactory bulbs Fornix ~ Limbic System Subcortical: Basal Ganglia 3 motor nuclei Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus ~ Striatum Midbrain Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition Tegmentum substantia nigra - motor Reticular formation sleep/wake cycle many other nuclei ~ Cross-section of Tegmentum Dorsal Hindbrain Cerebellum coordinates movements Pons Sleep and arousal Medulla vital functions many cranial nerves ~