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Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage Instructor: Mary Holman Fig. 7.32b Vertebral Column 7 Cervical vertebrae Posterior View 12 Thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Embryo Primary Curvature of the Vertebral Column Fig 23.14c convex 4 weeks 8 weeks concave Fig. 7.32a Four Spinal Curvatures Cervical curvature convex concave Vertebra prominens Rib facet Posterior Thoracic curvature Anterior Intervertebral discs Lumbar curvature Intervertebral foramina Sacrum Sacral curvature Coccyx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1o curvature Fig. 7.33c Basic Vertebral Structure Thoracic Vertebra - Superior View Posterior Spinous process Lamina Transverse process Facet for tubercle of rib Superior articular process Vertebral foramen Pedicle Body Anterior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.33a Thoracic Vertebra - Lateral View Superior articular process Pedicle Transverse process Body Facet for tubercle of rib Intervertebral notch Inferior articular process Posterior Spinous process Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior Fig. 7.33b Superior articular process Body Transverse process Inferior articular process Intervertebral disc Anterior Spinous process Posterior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Intervertebral Disc Fig. 7.35 Anterior Posterior © Royalty Free/CORBIS Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. C1 - Atlas C2 - Axis C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 T1 Names of Vertebrae T12 L1 Posterior view Sacrum L5 S1 S5 Coccyx Fig. 7.34a Atlas - First Cervical Vertebra - C1 Superior View Posterior Facet that articulates with occipital condyle of the Occiptal bone Vertebral foramen Transverse process Transverse foramen Anterior Facet that articulates with dens (odontoid process) of axis or C2 vertebra Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.34b Axis - C2 Lateral View Superior Spinous process Anterior articular facet for atlas Dens Superior articular facet Posterior Anterior Transverse foramen Body Inferior articular process Transverse process Inferior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.34c Axis - C2 Superior View Posterior Spinous process is bifid Anterior Dens (odontoid process) Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Body Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.36a Cervical vertebrae C3-C6 Superior view Posterior Bifid spinous process Vertebral foramen Lamina Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Transverse foramen Transverse process Body Anterior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 15.44 Vertebral artery Common carotid artery Subclavian artery Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Brachiocephalic artery Fig. 7.36b Thoracic vertebra - superior view Posterior Spinous process Transverse process Lamina Facet that articulates with rib tubercle Superior articular facet Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body Facet that articulates with rib head Anterior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.36c Lumbar vertebra - superior view Posterior Spinous process Lamina Superior articular process Transverse process Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body Anterior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.36 Review: Distinguishin g the three types of Vertebrae Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Transverse foramen (a) Cervical vertebra Facet that articulates with rib tubercule Facet that articulates with rib head Superior View (b) Thoracic vertebra (c) Lumbar vertebra Fig. 7.32a Lateral View of the Spinal Column Cervical curvature convex concave Vertebra prominens Rib facet Posterior Thoracic curvature Anterior Intervertebral discs Lumbar curvature Intervertebral foramina Sacrum Sacral curvature Coccyx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.37a Sacral promontory Sacrum and Coccyx Superior articular process Base Sacrum Anterior View Apex Anterior sacral foramen Coccyx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.37b Superior articular process Sacral canal Sacrum and Coccyx Posterior View Auricular surface Sacrum Tubercle of median sacral crest Posterior sacral foramen Sacral hiatus Coccyx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.38b © Victor B. Eichler, PhD Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.38a Jugular notch (suprasternal notch) Sternal angle Thoracic Cage - Sternum Thoracic vertebra 1 Clavicular notch 2 Manubrium 3 4 Body 5 6 7 Xiphoid process 8 9 10 11 12 (a) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sternum Fig. 7.38a Thoracic Cage - Ribs 1 2 3 True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) 4 5 6 7 T11 8 False ribs Vertebrochondral ribs 9 10 T12 Ribs L1 Costal cartilage Hyaline cartilage L2 11 12 Floating ribs (vertebral ribs) (a) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior end Costal groove Shaft Tubercle Head Neck Posterior View of a Right Rib Fig. 7.39a Fig. 7.39b Spinous process Facet Tubercle Neck Head Facet Articulation of a Right Rib with a Thoracic Vertebra Superior View Shaft Anterior end (sternal end) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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