Download Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Introduction to Anatomy &
Physiology
Anatomy is ….
the structure of body parts
Physiology is …
the function of body parts
Principle of Complementary of Structure and Function
What a structure can do depends on its specific form
There is
organization in the
body
Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Anatomical Position
Stand erect facing observer
Head level, eyes facing forward
Feet flat on floor, directed forward
Arms at side, palms turned forward
Prone – body lying face down
Supine – body lying face up
Regional terms to designate specific body areas
Body Planes
Superior – (cranial) upper or above or toward
the head
Inferior – (caudal) lower or below or toward
feet
Anterior or Ventral – front or in front of
Posterior or Dorsal – back or in back of
Median – toward the midline
Lateral – toward the side of the body or away
from the midline
Proximal – toward or nearest the trunk or
nearest the point of origin of one its parts
Distal – away from the trunk or farthest from
the point of a body part attachment
Superficial – nearest the surface
Deep – farther away from the surface
Plantar – sole of foot
Palmar – palm of hand
Directional Movement Reference
Words
Abduction – move away from body
midline
Adduction – move closer to body
midline
Directional Movement Reference
Words
Extension – increase joint angle
between articulating elements
Flexion – reduce joint angle
between articulating elements
Body Cavities
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity (Vertebral canal)
Sections
The way you cut it makes a difference!
Transverse Plan
Frontal or Sagittal Plane
Oblique Plane