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Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 14, part 4
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
Olfactory nerves (I)
• Carry sensory information responsible for
the sense of smell
• Synapse within the olfactory bulb
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Figure 14.21 The Olfactory Nerve
PLAY
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Figure 14.21
cranial nerves II, III, IV
• Optic nerves (II)
• Carry visual information from special
sensory receptors in the eyes
• Occulomotor nerves (III)
• Primary source of innervation for 4 of
the extraocular muscles
• Trochlear nerves (IV)
• Innervate the superior oblique muscles
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Figure 14.23 Cranial Nerves Controlling the
Extra-ocular Muscles
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Figure 14.23
cranial nerves V, VI, VII
• Trigeminal nerves (V)
• Missed nerves with ophthalmic, maxillary and
mandibular branches
• Abducens nerve (VI)
• Innervates the lateral rectus muscles
• Facial nerves (VII)
• Mixed nerves that control muscles of the face
and scalp
• Provide pressure sensations over the face
• Receive taste information from the tongue
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Figure 14.24 The Trigeminal Nerve
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Figure 14.24
Figure 14.25 The Facial Nerve
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Figure 14.25a, b
cranial nerves VIII, IX
• Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII)
• Vestibular branch monitors balance, position
and movement
• Cochlear branch monitors hearing
• Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)
• Mixed nerves that innervate the tongue and
pharynx
• Control the action of swallowing
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cranial nerves X
• Vagus nerves (X)
• Mixed nerves
• Vital to the autonomic control of visceral
function
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Figure 14.26 The Vestibulocochlear Nerve
PLAY
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Figure 14.26
Figure 14.27 The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
PLAY
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Figure 14.27
Figure 14.28 The Vagus Nerve
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Figure 14.28
cranial nerves XI, XII
• Accessory nerves (XI)
• Internal branches
• Innervate voluntary swallowing muscles of
the soft palate and pharynx
• External branches
• Control muscles associates with the pectoral
girdle
• Hypoglossal nerves (XII)
• Provide voluntary motor control over tongue
movement
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Figure 14.29 The Accessory and Hypoglossal
Nerve
PLAY
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Figure 14.29
SECTION 14-10
Cranial Reflexes
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Cranial reflexes
• Involve sensory and motor fibers of cranial
nerves
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You should now be familiar with:
• The major regions of the brain and their functions.
• The formation, circulation and functions of the CSF.
• The main components of the medulla oblongata, the
pons, the cerebellum, the mesencephalon, the
diencephalon, and the limbic system and their
functions.
• The major anatomical subdivisions of the cerebrum.
• The motor, sensory and association areas of the
cerebral cortex.
• Representative examples of cranial reflexes.
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