Download Skull Views

‫بسم هللا الرحمن‬
‫الرحيم‬
HEAD
and
NECK
SKULL
Composition
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

Several bones united by sutural joints,
except the mandible (synovial temporomandibular joint).
It can be divided into cranial (vault and
base) and facial parts and mandible.
It has outer and inner tables (compact
bone), separated by diploe (spongy bone)
and covered by periosteum (pericranium and
endocranium)
Cranial bones

Consists of the following bones:
– Frontal
(single).
– Parietal
(paired).
– Occipital (single).
– Temporal (paired).
– Sphenoid (single).
– Ethmoid (single).
Facial Bones

Consists of the following bones:
– Zygomatic
(paired).
– Maxillary
(paired).
– Nasal
(paired).
– Lacrimal
(paired).
– Vomer
(single).
– Palatine
(paired).
– Inferior concha (paired).
– Mandible
(single).
Skull Views
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5.
Skull will be studied according to the
following views (normae):
Anterior view (norma frontalis).
Lateral view (norma lateralis).
Posterior view (norma occipitalis).
Superior view (norma verticalis).
Inferior view (norma basalis) which divides
into norma basalis externa and norma
basalis Interna.
Anterior View
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Formed of the following bones: frontal,
nasal, maxillary, zygomatic and mandible.
It shows the following features: superciliary
arches, glabella, metopic suture, nasion,
supraorbital notch (foramen), orbital
margins, zygomatico-facial foramen, anterior
nasal aperture, anterior nasal spine,
infraorbital foramen, alveolar process,
alveolar arch, .
Lateral View
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Formed of the following bones: frontal,
parietal, temporal, occipital, zygomatic and
sphenoid.
It shows the following features: coronal
suture, lambdoid suture, pterion, superior &
inferior temporal lines, temporal fossa,
zygomatic arch, zygomatico-temporal
foramen, external auditory meatus,
suprameatal crest, spine and triangle,
mastoid emissary foramen, mastoid process
and infratemporal fossa.
Posterior View
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Formed of the following bones:
parietal, temporal, occipital.
It shows the following features: sagittal
suture, lambdoid suture, lambda,
external occipital protuberance, nuchal
lines (highest, superior and inferior),
external occipital crest, .
Superior View
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
Formed of the following bones: frontal,
parietal and occipital.
It shows the following features: coronal
suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid
suture, bregma, lambda, remnant of
metopic suture, parietal emissary
foramen, frontal and parietal
eminences.
Inferior View
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Formed of the following bones: maxillary,
palatine, sphenoid, vomer, temporal and
occipital.
It shows the following features: hard palate,
incisive fossa & foramen, greater & lesser
palatine foramina, posterior nasal aperture,
medial and lateral pterygoid plates, pterygoid
hamulus, pterygoid fossa, scaphoid fossa,
mandibular fossa, articular tubercle, styloid &
mastoid processes, tympanic plate, pharyngeal
tubercle, occipital condyles, mastoid notch,
groove for occipital artery.
Inferior View

Important foramina:
Incisive, greater & lesser
palatine, ovale, spinosum,
carotid canal, jugular, lacerum,
hypoglossal, posterior condylar,
bony part of Eustachian
(auditory) tube, stylomastoid,
magnum.
Mandible
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
The outer surface shows the following
features: Head, neck, mandibular notch,
coronoid process, ramus, body, angle,
oblique line, mental foramen, mental
tubercle, alveolar process, symphysis menti.
The inner surface shows the following
features: pterygoid fovea, lingula,
mandibular foramen, mylohyoid line and
groove, submandibular fossa, sublingual
fossa, digastric fossa, mental (genial) spines
(2 superior and 2 inferior).
Criteria of Neonatal Skull
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8.
Proportionately large cranium and small face.
Smooth, unilaminar, no diploe.
Fontanelles (anterior [closes at 18th month] and
posterior [closes between 6th and 12th
month]).
Ring-shaped typmanic bone.
Tympanic membrane is nearer to surface and is
directed more inferiorly.
No mastoid process.
Mandible is not united (symphysis menti).
Mandibular angle is obtuse.
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