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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫والصالة والسالم علي نبينا محمد‬
‫وعلي اله وصحبه اجمعين‬
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
ANATOMY
DEPARTMENT
Objectives
• At the end of this lecture the students must
know ;
• The nasal cavity and the important structures
in the lateral wall.
• Brief knowledge about the paranasal sinuses.
• Laryngeal cartilages, interior of the larynx, and
important muscles acting.
• Identification of the trachea, level of beginning,
termination, important relations of the cervical
and thoracic parts, the main bronchi, and their
relation to foreign bodies.
Nasal cavity : ‫اوال‬
• It extends ‫ تمتد‬from
nostrils‫ منخر‬anteriorly to
choanae ‫فتحه بين االنف‬
‫ الخلفي والبلعوم‬posteriorly.
• It is divided into right and
left parts by the nasal
septum. ‫غشاء يفصل االنف‬
‫لجزئين‬
• Each contains, roof floor,
lateral and medial walls
‫تفصل الحقا‬.
‫الجزء السفلي من االنف‬1-Floor
• It is formed by the
nasal surface of the
hard palate ‫عظمه‬:
: ‫الحنك التي تتكون من‬
• 1- Palatine process
‫ نتوء حنكي‬of maxilla.
• 2- Horizontal plate of
palatine bone.
‫سقف االنف‬Roof
• It is formed by;
• Body of sphenoid.
‫االصفر في الرسمه‬
• Cribriform plate of
ethmoid.
• Frontal bone, and
nasal bones.
‫السهم يشير لترتيب العظام من‬
Anterior ‫االمامي‬
‫الى‬
posterior ‫الخلفي‬
anterior
posterior
‫الجدار الجانبي‬Lateral wall
‫لالنف‬
• It is marked by three
projections;‫( بروزات‬nasal
conchae) 3 ‫ عددها‬:
• Superior, middle, and inferior
nasal conchae
• The space below ‫يوجد تحتها‬
each concha is could
(meatus); 3 ‫عددها‬:
• Superior, middle, and inferior
meatuses.
Lateral wall
 Sphenoethmoidal recess
‫جييب‬, ‫يوجد فوق البروزات التي في‬
‫الشريحه السابقه‬
• opening of sphenoid air sinus
• ‫مكان صب الجيوب االنفيه‬:
 Superior meatus;receives
• openings of posterior ethmoidal
sinuses.
 Middle meatus; contains
• bulla ethmoidalis for opening of
middle ethmoidal sinus.
• hiatus semilunaris, for openings
of maxillary sinus.
• Infundibulum for frontal and
anterior ethmoidal sinus.
 Inferior meatus; receives opening
of nasolacrimal duct ‫ قناه دمعيه‬.
‫الجيوب االنفيه تفصل‬
‫الحقا‬
Media wall‫الجدار الوسطي‬
• ‫يتكون من‬:
• The nasal septum;
• Vertical plate of
ethmoid.
• Vomer. ‫اسم عظم‬
• Septal cartilage.
Nerve supply
Nerves of smell :
• Olfactory nerves,
‫ياتي من‬: (Cr 1) :
cranial nerve no. 1.
Nerves of general
sensation:
• Ophthalmic and
Maxillary divisions
of Trigeminal
nerve, (Cr 5).
Blood supply
Arterial supply;
• Sphenoalatine artery
(maxillary) .
• Ethmoidal anterior and
posterior (ophthalmic).
• Superior labial (facial)
Venous drainage;
• Plexus in sub mucosa
by veins accompany the
arteries ‫واالورده مصاحبه‬
‫للشرايين ( اعرف هذه‬
) ‫المعلومه‬
Lymph drainage
• ‫الغدد اللمفاويه في االنف‬:
• Submandibular
nodes
• Upper deep cervical
nodes.
Paranasal Sinuses‫الجيوب االنفيه‬
• They are cavities in bones of
skull which contain air, they
surround the nose and open
into nasal cavity.
• They are : frontal, maxillary,
sphenoidal, & ethmoidal
sinuses.
• Function of sinuses :
1- Decrease weight of skull.
2- Increase size of face &
skull.
3- Increase resonance ‫ ترنيم‬of
voice
Trachea ‫ثانيا‬
• It is a mobile ‫ متحرك‬tube,
formed of fibroelastic
wall with series of U
shaped hyaline cartilage.
• ‫ويوجد في منطقتين من‬
‫الجسم‬1-It has a cervical
part lies in the neck and
2-a thoracic part lies in
the superior
mediastinum.
• Its bifurcation ‫نقطه التفرع‬
is known as carina.
Trachea
• It is about 13 cm long
and 2.5 cm diameter.
• It commences ‫تبدا من‬
below cricoid
cartilage (C6) and
bifurcates ‫ تنتهي عند‬at
level of sternal angle
(T4) into right and left
principal bronchi .
‫موضع سؤال مكان البدايه‬
‫والنهايه‬
‫معلومات‬
‫مفيده‬
‫للجراحه‬
‫في هذه الشريحه يعلمك المناطق المجاوره للقصبه‬
Important relation of cervical part of ‫الهوائيه‬
trachea
• Anteriorly : skin, fascia,
isthmus of thyroid gland
(in front of 2nd ,3rd ,and
4th rings).
• Posteriorly : recurrent
laryngeal nerves,
esophagus.
• Laterally : lobes of
thyroid gland (down as
far as 5th or 6th ring ),
and carotid sheath.
Important relation of thoracic part of trachea
• Anteriorly : sternum,
thymus, arch of aorta.
• Posteriorly :
esophagus, recurrent
laryngeal nerve.
• right side : right vagus
nerve, and pleura.
• Left side : arch of
aorta, left vagus , and
phrenic nerves, and
pleura.
Arterial supply
• ‫ تزود بـ‬:
• Inferior thyroid arteries.
• Broncheal arteries.
Nerve supply
• Vagi.
• Recurrent laryngeal.
• Sympathetic.
Lymphatic drainage
• ‫العقد اللمفاويه في القصبه‬
: ‫الهوائيه هي‬
• Pretracheal L.N.
• paratracheal L.N.
• Deep cervical L.N.
Principal bronchi : ‫ثالثا‬
• Right main bronchus
is wider shorter and
moor vertical than left
one.
• It is more prone ‫ميال الى‬
to be affected by
foreign body.
Principal bronchi
• Left main bronchus is
narrower, longer and
moor horizontal than
right one .
• It is less prone to be
affected by foreign
body.
‫باهلل عااد ؟؟‬
‫شيء جديد‬
Larynx : ‫رابعا‬
• It is an organ that provides
protective sphincter : ‫من‬
‫(القاموس‬a ringlike muscle
which closes a natural
orifice or passage) at inlet
‫ مدخل‬of air passage and
responsible for voice
production.
• Above, it opens into the
laryngeal part of the
pharynx. ‫الجزء االخير من‬
‫البلعوم‬
• Below, it is continuous
with trachea.
Larynx
• It is situated ‫ يقع‬below
the tongue and hyoid
bone,
between great blood
vessels,
at level of 4th,5th, and
6th, cervical vertebrae
Larynx
• It is formed of
framework of
cartilages
connected by
membranes and
ligaments,
moved by muscles.
Cartilages of larynx
Single cartilages;
‫غضاريف توجد بشكل‬
‫مفرد‬
• Thyroid, (largest).
• Cricoid.
• Epiglottis.
Paired cartilages;
‫بشكل ازواج‬
• Arytenoid. ‫هرمي‬
‫الشكل‬
• Corniculate.
• Cuniforms.
Membranes and ligaments
‫تصل الغضاريف ببعضها‬
• Thyrohyoid membrane; ‫من االسم تعرف مكانها‬
• Cricotracheal ligament.
• Quadrangular ‫ رباعي‬membrane ‫مسؤول عن‬
‫ االحبال الصوتيه‬.(fibroelastic).
• Cricothyroid ligament. ‫يوجد بنهايه االحبال‬
‫الصويته‬
Membranes and ligaments
*Thyrohyoid membrane;
-median ‫وسطي‬
thyrohyoid ligament.
-lateral ‫ جانبي‬thyrohyoid
ligament
Membranes and ligaments
*Cricotracheal
ligament.
Membranes and ligaments
*Quadrangular
membrane.
- Vestibular
ligament. ‫الرباط‬
‫الدهليزي‬
- Cricothyroid
ligament
Membranes and ligaments
*Cricothyroid
ligament.
‫المداخل‬
Inlet of larynx
• It looks backward and
upward into laryngeal part
of pharynx
• It is bounded by;
• Upper margin of epiglottis
‫لسان المزمار‬, in front.
• Aryepiglottic fold,
laterally.
• Mucous membrane
between arytenoid
cartilages.
• Corniculate and cuneiform
cartilages on upper border
of aryepiglottic fold.
Cavity of the larynx
• It extends from inlet to
lower border of cricoid
cartilage.
• It is divided into;
• The vestibule that lies
between inlet and
vestibular folds.
• Middle region, lies
between vestibular and
vocal folds.
• Lower region, lies
between vocal folds and
lower level of cricoid
cartilage
Cavity of the larynx
• Sinus of larynx, is a small
recess ‫جييبات‬, lies between
vestibular and vocal folds
• Saccule of larynx, is a
small diverticulum, passes
upward between
veastbular folds and
thyroid cartilage.
• Rima vestibuli, is the gap
‫ المسافه‬between vestibular
folds.
• Rima glottidis, is the gap
‫ المسافه‬between vocal folds
in front and arytenoid
cartilage behind.
Cavity of the larynx
Muscles of the larynx
Extrinsic ‫خارجيه‬
muscles;
• Elevator of the larynx
• Depressor of the
larynx .
Extrinsic muscles
Hyoid and laryngeal Elevators
• Stylohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Genioglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
• Digastricus anterior and posterior
Hyoid and laryngeal Depressors
• Sternothyroid
• Sternohyoid
• Omohyoid
• Thyrohyoid
Muscles of the larynx
Intrinsic ‫داخليه‬
muscles;
• Control the inlet into
the larynx.
• Move the vocal folds.
Intrinsic muscles
• Narrowing inlet; oblique arytenoid.
• Widening inlet. Thyroepiglottic.
• Approximates the arytenoid cartilages transverse
arytenoid
• Tensing of vocal cords; cricothyroid.
• Relaxing of vocal cords; thyroarytenoid,(vocalis).
• Adducting of vocal cords; lateral cricoarytenoid.
• Abducting of vocal cords; posterior
cricoarytenoid.
‫يسالك عن الوظيفه ويقول اختر العضله التي تقوم بها‬
Intrinsic muscles
• Narrowing inlet;
oblique arytenoid.
Intrinsic muscles
• Widening inlet.
Thyroepiglottic.
Intrinsic muscles
• Approximates the
arytenoid cartilages;
transverse arytenoid
Intrinsic muscles
• Tensing of vocal cords;
cricothyroid.
Intrinsic muscles
• Relaxing of vocal cords;
thyroarytenoid,(vocalis).
Intrinsic muscles
• Adducting of vocal cords;
lateral cricoarytenoid.
Intrinsic muscles
• Abducting of vocal cords;
posterior cricoarytenoid.
‫موضع اسئله‬Nerve supply
Sensory;
Above the vocal cords;
• Internal laryngeal nerve .
Below the vocal cords;
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve .
Nerve supply ‫سيم سيم‬
Motor;
All intrinsic muscles
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Cricothyroid
• External laryngeal nerve.
Arterial supply
Upper half;
• Superior laryngeal
of superior thyroid .
Lower half;
• Inferior laryngeal
of inferior thyroid.
Lymph drainage
• Deep cervical L.N.
‫وسالمتكم‬