Download Skeletal Overview ACC Objectives

An Overview of the Skeleton
Figure 6-8(a)
An Overview of the Skeleton
• Consists of bones,
cartilage, joints, and
ligaments
• Composed of 206 named
bones grouped into two
divisions
– Axial skeleton (80
bones)
– Appendicular skeleton
(126 bones)
Bone Markings: Surface Features of Bones
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•
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Projections that provide attachment for muscles and ligaments
Projections that help form joints
Depressions and openings for passage of nerves and blood vessels
Table 6-1 (1 of 2)
Bone Markings (Selected)
•
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•
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Tuberosity
Tubercle
Condyle
Trochlea
Facet
Fossa
Foramen
Sinus
Bone Markings And Landmarks
•
Bone Markings And Landmarks
•
Axial Skeleton: Skull, Vertebral Column, Bony Thorax
Anterior Aspect of Skull
Frontal bone
Nasal bone
Sphenoid bone
(greater wing)
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Mental
foramen
Supraorbital foramen
(notch)
Supraorbital margin
Superior orbital
fissure
Optic canal
Inferior orbital
fissure
Paranasal Sinuses
Frontal
sinus
Ethmoid
sinus
Sphenoid
sinus
Maxillary
sinus
(a)
Sphenoid
sinus
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
(b)
Lateral Aspect Of The Skull.
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
(greater wing)
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal fossa
Occipital bone
Zygomatic process
External acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Temporal Bone
External
acoustic
meatus
Zygomatic
process
Mastoid
region
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Mandibular
fossa
Lateral Aspect Of The Skull
Mandibular condyle
Mandibular notch
Mandible
Mental foramen
Mandibular ramus
Mandibular angle
Coronoid process
Mandible
Mandibular
fossa of
temporal bone
Mandibular notch
Mandibular condyle
(condylar process)
Coronoid
process
Mandibular foramen
Alveolar
margin
Mental
foramen
Ramus of
mandible
Body of mandible
(a) Mandible
Inferior Aspect Of The Skull
Sphenoid bone
(greater wing)
Vomer
Mandibular fossa
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Temporal bone
(petrous portion)
Occipital bone
(a)
Carotid canal
External acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Occipital condyle
Foramen magnum
Inferior Aspect Of The Skull
Hard palate
Zygomatic
arch
Mandibular
fossa
Carotid canal
Styloid process
Mastoid
process
Jugular foramen
Occipital condyle
Foramen magnum
(b)
Superior Aspect Of The Skull
Olfactory foramina
Cribriform plate
Sphenoid
Lesser wing
Greater wing
Crista galli
Ethmoid
bone
Optic canal
Sella turcica
Temporal bone
(petrous part)
Internal
acoustic meatus
Foramen lacerum
Jugular foramen
(d)
Pterygoid
process
Lateral Aspect Of The Skull
Frontal sinus
Crista galli
Ethmoid bone
(perpendicular plate)
Vomer bone
Maxilla
Alveolar margins
Internal acoustic
meatus
(b)
Sella turcica
of sphenoid
bone
Pterygoid
process of
sphenoid
bone
Palatine
bone
Palatine
process of
maxilla
Lateral aspect of the skull
Greater wing
of sphenoid
bone
Lesser wing
of sphenoid
bone
Frontal sinus
Crista galli
Petrous part
of temporal
bone
Ethmoid bone
(perpendicular
plate)
Palatine bone
Internal
acoustic
meatus
Sella turcica
and sphenoid
sinus
(c)
Bones Of The Nasal Cavity
Ethmoid
bone
Frontal sinus
Sella turcica
Nasal bone
Sphenoid sinus
Palatine bone
Palatine process
of maxilla
(b)
Perpendicular plate
of ethmoid bone
Septal cartilage
Vomer
Alveolar margin
of maxilla
Bones Of The Nasal Cavity
Frontal sinus
Superior, middle, and
inferior meatus
Superior
nasal concha
Ethmoid bone
Middle
nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha
Nasal bone
Anterior nasal spine
Maxillary bone
(palatine process)
Sphenoid
bone
(a)
Sphenoid sinus
Pterygoid process
Palatine bone
(perpendicular
plate)
Palatine bone
(horizontal plate)
Ethmoid
Middle nasal concha
Perpendicular plate
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer bone
Ethmoid
bone
Sutures of the Skull
Sagittal suture
Parietal bone
Lambdoid
suture
Occipital bone
Coronal suture
Lambdoid suture
Squamous suture
The Hyoid Bone
Greater horn
Lesser horn
Body
Vertebral Column
Structure Of A Typical Vertebra
Lamina
Posterior
Spinous
process
Transverse
process
Vertebral
arch
Superior
articular
process
Facet
Pedicle
Vertebral
foramen
Anterior
Body
(centrum)
Lateral View Of Part Of The Spinal Column
Intervertebral
disc
Transverse process
Sectioned
spinous process
Intervertebral foramen
Inferior articular process
(a)
Sectioned body
of vertebra
First And Second Cervical Vertebrae
Posterior
C1
C2
Lateral
masses
Transverse
foramen
Superior articular
facet
(a) Superior view of atlas (C1)
Posterior
Posterior
Inferior
articular
facet
Transverse
process
Lateral
masses
Inferior
articular
process
Spinous
process
Lamina
Superior
Pedicle
articular
facet
Transverse
process
Transverse
foramen
Facet for dens
(b) Inferior view of atlas (C1)
Dens
Body
(c) Superior view of axis (C2)
Cervical Vertebrae
• Seven cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7)
– smallest and lightest vertebrae
• C3 – C7 are typical cervical
vertebrae
– Body is wider laterally
– Spinous processes are short and
bifid (except C7)
– Vertebral foramen are large and
triangular
– Transverse processes contain
transverse foramina
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 – T12)
• Spinous processes are long and
point inferiorly
• Have heart-shaped bodies from
the superior view
• Vertebral foramen are circular
• All articulate with ribs
• Transverse processes articulate
with tubercles of ribs
• Superior articular facets point
posteriorly
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 – L5)
• Bodies are thick and robust
• Transverse processes are thin
and tapered
• Spinous processes are thick,
blunt, and point posteriorly
• Vertebral foramina are
triangular
• Superior and inferior articular
facets directly medially
Lumbar Vertebrae
Figure 7.17c
Sacrum and Coccyx
Thoracic Cage: Anterior View.
Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body
True
ribs
(1–7)
Xiphoid
process
False
ribs
(8–12)
Costal
cartilage
L1
Vertebra
(a)
Floating ribs (11, 12)
Sternum
Rib
Transverse costal facet
(for tubercle of rib)
Superior costal facet
(for head of rib)
Head of rib
Intervertebral disc
Neck of rib
Tubercle of rib
Shaft Sternum
Crosssection
of rib
(a)
Costal groove Costal cartilage
Rib
Articular facet
on tubercle of rib
Spinous process
Shaft
Ligaments
Neck of rib
Head of rib
Superior costal facet
(for head of rib)
(b)
Transverse
costal facet
(for tubercle
of rib)
Body of
thoracic
vertebra
Rib
Shaft
Facets for articulation
with vertebrae
Head Neck
Articular facet
on tubercle
Costal angle
Junction with
costal cartilage
Costal groove
(c)
Articular facet
on tubercle
Head
Neck
Grooves for
subclavian
vessels:
Artery
Vein
Fontanels
Fontanels
Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Lower Limb and Pelvis
Clavicle
Sternal (medial)
end
Posterior
Acromial (lateral)
end
Anterior
(b) Right clavicle, superior view
Acromial end
Anterior
Conoid
tubercle
Posterior
(c) Right clavicle, inferior view
Sternal end
Clavicle
Posterior
Sternal end
(medial)
Acromial
end
(lateral)
(d)
Anterior
Anterior
Facet for
acromion
(lateral)
Conoid
tubercle
(e)
Sternal end
(medial)
Posterior
Right Scapula, Anterior Aspect
Acromion
Suprascapular notch
Superior border
Coracoid
process
Glenoid
cavity
Lateral
border
Subscapular
fossa
Medial
border
(a) Right scapula, anterior aspect
Right Scapula, Posterior Aspect
Coracoid process
Acromion
Suprascapular notch
Supraspinous
fossa
Spine
Infraspinous
fossa
Medial
border
(b) Right scapula, posterior aspect
Glenoid cavity
at lateral angle
Lateral border
Right Scapula, Lateral Aspect
Acromion
Coracoid
process
Spine
Glenoid
cavity
Supraspinous
fossa
Infraspinous
fossa
Subscapular
fossa
Infraspinous
fossa
Posterior
(c) Right scapula,
lateral aspect
Subscapular
fossa
Anterior
Humerus Of The Right Arm: Anterior View
Greater tubercle
Lesser
tubercle
Head of
humerus
Anatomical
neck
Deltoid
tuberosity
Lateral epicondyle
Radial
fossa
Capitulum
(a) Anterior view
Coronoid
fossa
Medial
epicondyle
Trochlea
Humerus Of The Right Arm: Posterior View
Head of
humerus
Anatomical
neck
Greater
tubercle
Surgical
neck
Deltoid
tuberosity
Olecranon
fossa
Medial
epicondyle
Trochlea
Lateral
epicondyle
(b) Posterior view
Radius & Ulna Of Right Forearm: Anterior View
Radial notch
of the ulna
Head
Radial
tuberosity
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Ulna
Radius
Ulnar notch
of the radius
Head of ulna
Styloid process
of radius
(a) Anterior view
Styloid process
of ulna
Radius & Ulna Of Right Forearm: Posterior View
Olecranon
process
Head of
radius
Neck of
radius
Ulna
Radius
Ulnar notch
of the radius
Head of ulna
Styloid process
of ulna
Styloid process
of radius
(b) Posterior view
Elbow Region: Anterior View
Humerus
Coronoid
fossa
Capitulum
Medial
epicondyle
Head of
radius
Trochlea
Radial
tuberosity
Radius
(a) Anterior view
Coronoid
process of
ulna
Radial notch
Ulna
Proximal Part Of Ulna: Lateral View
Olecranon
process
Trochlear
notch
View
Coronoid
process
Radial
notch
(b)
Elbow In Extension: Posterior View
Humerus
View
Olecranon
fossa
Olecranon
process
Lateral
epicondyle
Medial
epicondyle
Head
Neck
Ulna
(c) Posterior view
Radius
Distal Ends Of Radius And Ulna
Ulnar notch of radius
Head of
ulna
Styloid
process
View
(d)
Styloid
process
Bones Of The Hand: Posterior View
Distal
Middle
Phalanges
Proximal
Metacarpals:
Head
Shaft
Base
Carpals:
Hamate
Capitate
5
4
3
2
1
Carpals:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Scaphoid
Triquetrum
Lunate
Ulna
Radius
(b) Posterior view
Coxal Bones And Sacrum
Iliac crest
Iliac fossa
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
llium
Coxal
bone
(os coxae
or hip
Pubic
bone)
bone
Anterior
inferior iliac
spine
Sacrum
Coccyx
Acetabulum
Ischium
(a)
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Pubic arch
Lateral View Of Right Hip Bone
Anterior gluteal
line
Posterior
gluteal line
Ilium
Ala
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac
spine
Posterior superior
iIiac spine
Inferior
gluteal line
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior inferior
iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Acetabulum
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Pubic body
Pubis
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Ischial ramus
(b) Lateral view, right hip bone
Inferior ramus
of pubis
Medial View Of Right Hip Bone
Ilium
Iliac fossa
Iliac crest
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Posterior superior
iliac spine
Posterior inferior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Body of
the ilium
Superior ramus of pubis
Auricular
surface
Ischial spine
Obturator
foramen
Ischium
Inferior ramus
of pubis
Ischial ramus
(c) Medial view, right hip bone
Female and Male Pelves
Table 8.2 (1 of 2)
Female and Male Pelves
Table 8.2 (2 of 2)
Femur and Patella
Greater
trochanter
Neck
Head
Lesser trochanter
Apex
Anterior
(a)
Linea aspera
Patella
Facet for
medial
condyle
of femur
Surface for
patellar
Posterior
ligament
Intercondylar fossa
Medial condyle
Lateral
epicondyle
Patellar
surface
(b) Femur
Lateral
condyle
Lateral
epicondyle
Medial
epicondyle
Anterior view
Posterior view
Facet for
lateral
condyle
of femur
The Tibia And Fibula Of Right Leg
Lateral
condyle
Medial
condyle
Head
Proximal
tibiofibular
joint
Tibial
tuberosity
Tibia
Fibula
Lateral malleolus
Anterior view
Head of
fibula
Fibula
Medial
malleolus
(a)
Lateral condyle
(b)
Lateral malleolus
Posterior view
The Tibia And Fibula Of Right Leg
Lateral
condyle
Lateral
condyle
Tibial
tuberosity
Fibula
articulates
here
(c) Anterior view
(d) Posterior view
Bones Of Right Foot: Superior View
Phalanges
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Navicular
Metatarsals
Lateral
cuneiform
Cuboid
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
(a) Superior view
Bones Of Right Foot: Lateral View
Facet for
lateral malleolus
Navicular
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
(c) Lateral view
Fifth
metatarsal