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Chest Wall External Intercostals • External Intercostals • ORIGIN Inferior border of ribs as far back as posterior angles • INSERTION Superior border of ribs below, passing obliquely downwards and backwards • ACTION Fix intercostal spaces during respiration. Aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs Internal Intercostals • Internal Intercostals • ORIGIN Inferior border of ribs as far back as posterior angles • INSERTION Superior border of ribs below , passing obliquely downwards and backwards • ACTION Fix intercostal spaces during espiration. Aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs Diaphragm • Diaphragm • ORIGIN Vertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal: medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs . Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid • INSERTION Central tendon • ACTION Inspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure Abdominal Wall External Oblique • External Oblique • ORIGIN Anterior angles of lower eight ribs • INSERTION Outer anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest, and aponeurosis of anterior rectus sheath • ACTION Supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure and, with muscles of opposite side, abducts and rotates trunk Internal Oblique • Internal Oblique • ORIGIN Lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament • INSERTION Costal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and posterior ), conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line • ACTION Supports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure and, with muscles of other side , abducts and rotates trunk. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal Transverses Abdominis • Transverses Abdominis • ORIGIN Costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and lateral half of inguinal ligament • INSERTION Aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath and conjoint tendon to pubic crest and pectineal line • ACTION Supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure. Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal Rectus Abdominis • Rectus Abdominis • ORIGIN Pubic crest and pubic symphysis • INSERTION 5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid • ACTION Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intraabdominal pressure QUADRATUS LUMBORUM • Quadratus Lumborum • ORIGIN Inferior border of 12th rib • INSERTION Apices of transverse processes of L1-4, iliolumbar ligament and posterior third of iliac crest • ACTION Fixes 12th rib during respiration and lateral flexes trunk Trunk Iliopsoas • Iliopsoas • ORIGIN Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae • INSERTION Ribs, cervical transverse processes • ACTION Extends and lateral flexes spine Erector Spinae • Erector Spinae • ORIGIN Spinous processes • INSERTION Spinous processes six levels above • ACTION Lateral flexion of spine
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