Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Human Skeleton system
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
The Axial Skelton • Activity 1 Bones of the axial skeleton Vertebrae Skull Cervical Sternum Ribs Thoracic Costal cartilages Lumbar vertebrae Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Anatomy of the anterior and posterior aspects of the skull Frontal bone Parietal bone Frontal squama of frontal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Glabella Frontonasal suture Supraorbital foramen (notch) Supraorbital margin Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Inferior orbital fissure Zygomatic bone Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Middle nasal concha Perpendicular plate Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer bone Mandible Mental foramen (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Mandibular symphysis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Anatomy of the anterior and posterior aspects of the skull Sagittal suture Parietal bone Sutural bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance Occipitomastoid suture (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Mastoid process External occipital crest Occipital condyle Inferior nuchal line Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Anatomy of the lateral aspects of the skull Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Parietal bone Ethmoid bone Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Lambdoid suture Lacrimal fossa Squamous suture Nasal bone Occipital bone Zygomatic process Zygomatic bone Occipitomastoid suture Maxilla External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Alveolar margins Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandible Mental foramen Mandibular ramus (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Mandibular angle Coronoid process Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Anatomy of the lateral aspects of the skull Parietal bone Coronal suture Squamous suture Frontal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Frontal sinus Crista galli Lambdoid suture Nasal bone Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate) Vomer bone Incisive fossa Occipital bone Occipitomastoid suture External occipital protuberance Maxilla Alveolar margins Internal acoustic meatus (b) Sella turcica of sphenoid bone Pterygoid process of Mandibular sphenoid foramen bone Mandible Palatine bone Palatine process of maxilla Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Anatomy of the inferior portion of the skull Maxilla (palatine process) Hard palate Palatine bone (horizontal plate) Zygomatic bone Temporal bone (zygomatic process) Vomer Mandibular fossa Styloid process Mastoid process Temporal bone (petrous part) Pharyngeal tubercle of basioccipital Parietal bone External occipital crest (a) External occipital protuberance Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Incisive fossa Medial palatine suture Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Carotid canal External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Jugular foramen Occipital condyle Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line Foramen magnum Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 7.4b-c: Anatomy of the inferior portion of the skull, p. 208. Olfactory foramina Frontal bone Anterior cranial fossa Cribriform plate Crista galli Sphenoid Lesser wing Greater wing Optic canal Anterior clinoid process Foramen rotundum Tuberculum sellae Hypophyseal fossa Sella Dorsum sellae turcica Posterior clinoid process Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Middle cranial fossa Temporal bone (petrous part) Foramen lacerum Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Internal acoustic meatus Posterior cranial fossa Anterior cranial fossa Parietal bone Occipital bone (b) Middle cranial fossa Foramen magnum (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Ethmoid bone Posterior cranial fossa Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The temporal bone Squamous region External acoustic meatus Zygomatic process Mastoid region Mandibular fossa Mastoid process Styloid process Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Tympanic region Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The sphenoid bone Body of sphenoid Optic canal Chiasmatic groove Lesser wing Posterior clinoid process Lesser wing Greater wing Superior orbital fissure Greater wing Greater wing Hypophyseal fossa of sella Posterior clinoid turcica process (a) Superior view Anterior clinoid process Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Dorsum sellae Body of sphenoid Foramen rotundum (b) Posterior view Pterygoid processes Sphenoid sinuses Lesser wing Hypophyseal fossa Greater wing Foramen ovale (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The sphenoid bone Optic canal Chiasmatic groove Lesser wing Greater wing Greater wing Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica Posterior clinoid process Anterior clinoid process Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Dorsum sellae Body of sphenoid (a) Superior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The sphenoid bone Posterior clinoid process Body of sphenoid Lesser wing Greater wing Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Pterygoid processes (b) Posterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The sphenoid bone Sphenoid sinuses Lesser wing Hypophyseal fossa Greater wing Foramen ovale (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The ethmoid bone Crista galli Olfactory foramina Orbital plate Cribriform plate Left lateral mass Ethmoid sinuses Perpendicular plate Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Middle nasal concha Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Detailed anatomy of (a) the mandible and (b) the maxilla Articulates with frontal bone Frontal process Orbital surface Zygomatic process Maxillary bone Temporomandibular joint Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle Infraorbital foramen Anterior nasal spine Alveolar margin Mandibular fossa of temporal bone Coronoid process (b) Maxilla Mandibular foramen Ramus of mandible Alveolar margin Mental foramen Mandibular angle Body of mandible (a) Mandible Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Detailed anatomy of (a) the mandible and (b) the maxilla Temporomandibular joint Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle Mandibular fossa of temporal bone Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Ramus of mandible Alveolar margin Mental foramen Mandibular angle Body of mandible (a) Mandible Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 7.8b: Detailed anatomy of (a) the mandible and (b) the maxilla, p. 212. Articulates with frontal bone Frontal process Orbital surface Zygomatic process Maxillary bone Infraorbital foramen Anterior nasal spine Alveolar margin (b) Maxilla Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Special anatomical characteristics of the orbits Roof of orbit Supraorbital foramen Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Lesser wing of sphenoid bone Medial wall Orbital plate of frontal bone Sphenoid body Orbital plate of ethmoid bone Lateral wall of orbit Zygomatic process of frontal bone Greater wing of sphenoid bone Orbital surface of zygomatic bone Frontal process of maxilla Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Floor of orbit Inferior orbital fissure Orbital process of palatine bone Infraorbital groove Zygomatic bone (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Infraorbital foramen Orbital surface of maxillary bone Zygomatic bone Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Special anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity Frontal sinus Superior, middle, and inferior meatus Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Nasal bone Anterior nasal spine Maxillary bone (palatine process) Sphenoid bone Sphenoid sinus Pterygoid process (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Palatine bone (perpendicular plate) Palatine bone (horizontal plate) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Special anatomical characteristics of the nasal cavity Ethmoid bone Crista galli Cribriform plate Frontal sinus Sella turcica Nasal bone Sphenoid sinus Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Septal cartilage Vomer Palatine bone Palatine process of maxilla Alveolar margin of maxilla (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Paranasal sinuses Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinus (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Sphenoid sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Maxillary sinus (b) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Hyoid bone The vertebral column C1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Cervical curvature (concave) 7 vertebrae, C1– C7 Spinous process Transverse process Thoracic curvature (convex) 12 vertebrae, T1– T12 Intervertebral discs Intervertebral foramen 12 L1 2 3 4 Lumbar curvature (concave) 5 vertebrae, L1– L5 5 Sacrum (convex) 5 fused vertebrae Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Right lateral view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Ligaments and fibrocartilage discs uniting the vertebrae Supraspinous ligament Transverse process Sectioned spinous process Ligamentum flavum Interspinous ligament Intervertebral disc Anterior longitudinal ligament Intervertebral foramen Posterior longitudinal ligament Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus Inferior articular process (a) Vertebral spinous process (posterior aspect of vertebra) Sectioned body of vertebra Spinal cord Spinal nerve root Herniated portion of disc Anulus fibrosus of disc (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Nucleus pulposus of disc Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Structure of a typical vertebra Posterior Spinous process Lamina Vertebral arch Transverse process Superior articular process Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body (centrum) Anterior Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The first and second cervical vertebrae C1 C2 Anterior Anterior tubercle Anterior arch Superior articular facet Lateral masses Transverse foramen Posterior arch Posterior tubercle (a) Superior view of atlas (C1) Facet for dens Anterior Anterior Anterior tubercle Body Dens Anterior arch Transverse process Lateral masses Transverse foramen Posterior arch (b) Inferior view of atlas (C1) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Inferior articular facet Superior articular facet Transverse process Inferior articular process Transverse foramen Pedicle Lamina Spinous process Posterior tubercle (c) Superior view of axis (C2) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Posterolateral views of articulated vertebrae Dens of axis Transverse ligament of atlas C1 (atlas) C2 (axis) C3 Inferior articular process Bifid spinous process Transverse processes C7 (vertebra prominens) (a) Cervical vertebrae Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Posterolateral views of articulated vertebrae Transverse process Superior articular process Transverse costal facet (for tubercle of rib) Lamina Pedicle Intervertebral disc Body Inferior costal facet (for head of rib) Spinous process Inferior articular process (b) Thoracic vertebrae Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Posterolateral views of articulated vertebrae Superior articular process Transverse process Pedicle Body Intervertebral disc Inferior articular process Spinous process (c) Lumbar vertebrae Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The sacrum and coccyx Sacral canal Ala Body Facet of superior articular process Auricular surface Body of first sacral vertebra Sacral promontory Transverse ridges (site of vertebral fusion) Median sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Anterior Posterior sacral sacral Apex foramina foramina Coccyx (a) Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Sacral hiatus Coccyx (b) Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The thoracic cage Jugular notch Clavicular notch Manubrium Sternal angle Body Xiphisternal joint Xiphoid process True ribs (1–7) False ribs (8–12) (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn L1 Vertebra Floating ribs (11, 12) Sternum Intercostal spaces Costal cartilage Costal margin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The thoracic cage Left common carotid artery Jugular notch T1 Left brachiocephalic vein T4 Sternal angle Heart Xiphisternal joint T9 Diaphragm Aorta T12 (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Ribs Transverse costal facet (for tubercle of rib) Superior costal facet (for head of rib) Body of vertebra Tubercle of rib Head of rib Spinous process Shaft Intervertebral disc Neck of rib Tubercle of rib Shaft Sternum Angle of rib Crosssection of rib Ligaments Neck of rib Body of thoracic vertebra Head of rib Costal groove Costal cartilage (a) Shaft Facets for articulation with vertebrae Superior costal facet (b) Head Articular facet Neck on tubercle Costal angle Junction with costal cartilage Costal groove (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The Appendicular Skeleton • Activity 1 The appendicular skeleton Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the pectoral girdle Posterior Acromioclavicular joint Clavicle Sternal (medial) end Acromial (lateral) Anterior end (b) Right clavicle, superior view Sternal end Acromial end Anterior Conoid tubercle Posterior (c) Right clavicle, inferior view Scapula (a) Articulated pectoral girdle Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the pectoral girdle Acromion Suprascapular notch Superior border Acromion Coracoid process Superior angle Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Glenoid cavity Superior angle Supraspinous fossa Lateral angle Spine Subscapular Infraspinous fossa fossa Lateral border Medial border Medial border Lateral border Inferior angle (d) Right scapula, anterior aspect Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn (e) Right scapula, posterior aspect Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the pectoral girdle Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Infraglenoid tubercle Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Posterior Infraspinous fossa Subscapular fossa Subscapular fossa Anterior Inferior angle (f) Right scapula, lateral aspect Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Photographs of selected bones of the pectoral girdle and right upper limb Acromion Coracoid process Superior border Supraspinous fossa Superior border Coracoid process Acromion Superior angle Glenoid cavity Medial border Body Spine of scapula Infraspinous fossa Lateral border Subscapular fossa Lateral border Inferior angle Posterior view Anterior view Scapula Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The humerus of the right arm Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulacus Head of humerus Anatomical neck Surgical neck Radial groove Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity Medial supracondylar ridge Lateral supracondylar ridge Radial fossa Capitulum Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle Trochlea (a)Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Lateral epicondyle (b)Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Radius and ulna of the right forearm Radial notch Head Neck Radial tuberosity Olecranon process Trochlear notch Coronoid process Proximal radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Head of radius Neck of radius Colle’s fracture Ulna Radius (c) Radius Ulnar notch Head of ulna Styloid process of radius (a) Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Styloid process of ulna Styloid process Distal of radius radioulnar joint (b) Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Photographs of selected bones of the pectoral girdle and right upper limb (continued) Posterior Greater tubercle Sternal (medial) end Intertubercular sulcus Acromial (lateral) end Anterior Right clavicle, superior view Coronoid process Head of Anatomical radius neck Neck of radius Surgical Radial neck tuberosity Olecranon process Trochlear notch Radial notch Ulna Radius Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Anterior Acromial end Lesser tubercle Head Sternal end Location of interosseous membrane Conoid tubercle Impression for costoclavicular ligament Lateral Posterior epicondyle Right clavicle, inferior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Coronoid fossa Distal radioulnar joint Medial Styloid epicondyle process Ulnar head of radius Capitulum Trochlea Humerus, anterior view Radius (left) and ulna (right), anterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the hand Distal Middle Phalanges (fingers) Proximal 3 2 4 5 Metacarpals (palm) Carpals (wrist) 1 Hamate Trapezoid Pisiform Trapezium Triquetral Scaphoid Lunate Capitate Ulna Radius (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn (b) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the bony pelvis Base of sacrum Iliac crest Iliac fossa llium Sacroiliac joint Sacral promontory Sacrum Coxal bone (os coxae or hip bone) Pelvic brim Coccyx Pubic bone Ischial spine Acetabulum Pubic crest Ischium (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Pubic symphysis Pubic arch Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the bony pelvis Tubercle of the iliac crest Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Posterior superior iIiac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Ilium Ala Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Inferior gluteal line Anterior inferior iliac spine Acetabulum Pubic body Ischial body Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Ischial tuberosity Inferior ramus of pubis Ischium Ischial ramus (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the bony pelvis Iliac fossa Ilium Iliac crest Posterior superior iliac spine Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Arcuate line Superior ramus of pubis Pubic tubercle Pubic crest Body Posterior inferior iliac spine Auricular surface Ischial spine Obturator foramen Ischium Ischial ramus Inferior ramus of pubis Articular surface of pubis (at pubic symphysis) (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Photographs of selected bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Inferior gluteal line Acetabulum Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity Auricular surface Iliac crest Iliac fossa Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Arcuate line Pubic body Superior ramus of pubis Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Ischial tuberosity Pubic tubercle Inferior ramus of pubis Ischial ramus Obturator foramen (a) Lateral view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Pubic symphysis (symphyseal surface) Right hip bone Ischial ramus (b) Medial view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the right thigh and knee Neck Apex Anterior Facet for medial condyle of femur Fovea capitis Head Intertrochanteric crest Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Gluteal tuberosity Facet for lateral condyle of femur Linea aspera Surface for patellar Posterior ligament (a) Patella Medial and lateral supracondylar lines Intercondylar fossa Lateral condyle Medial condyle Lateral epicondyle Patellar surface Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Anterior view (b) Femur Adductor tubercle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The tibia and fibula of the right leg Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle Lateral condyle Head Proximal tibiofibular joint Tibial tuberosity Articular surface of medial condyle Articular surface of lateral condyle Head of fibula Parts of fractured fibula Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Articular surface Anterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Lateral malleolus Posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Photographs of selected bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb (continued) Neck Greater trochanter Lateral condyle of tibia Head of fibula Intertrochanteric line Head Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle of tibia Tibial tuberosity Lesser trochanter Anterior border Fibula Tibia Patellar surface Lateral epicondyle Lateral condyle Adductor tubercle Medial epicondyle Medial condyle Right femur, anterior surface Distal tibiofibular Medial joint malleolus Lateral malleolus Inferior of fibula articular surface Right tibia and fibula, anterior view Lateral condyle Fibula articulates here Proximal right tibia, posterior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the right foot Distal Middle Phalanges Proximal Metatarsals Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Tarsals Talus Trochlea of the talus Calcaneus (a) Superior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the right foot Talus Facet for medial malleolus Navicular Intermediate cuneiform Sustentaculum tali First metatarsal Medial cuneiform Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity (b) Medial view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Bones of the right foot Facet for lateral malleolus Navicular Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Fifth metatarsal (c) Lateral view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Arches in the foot Fetal skeleton • Characteristic – Fontanels • • • • Anterior fontanel Sphenoidal fontanel Mastoid Fontanel Posterior fontanel The fetal skull Frontal bone Frontal bone Frontal suture Anterior fontanel Parietal bone (a) Superior view Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Ossification center Posterior fontanel Ossification center Posterior fontanel Sphenoidal fontanel Parietal bone Occipital bone Mastoid fontanel Occipital bone Temporal bone (squamous portion) (b) Lateral view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Related documents