Download International Union for Conservation of Nature

International Union for
Conservation of Nature
Conserving biodiversity
Pioneering nature’s solutions to global challenges
WHO WE ARE
Founded in 1948, IUCN is the world’s largest global environmental
organization.
• A unique democratic Union with more than 1,200 State and
NGO Member organizations in 160 countries.
• Collaborating with commissions of volunteer professionals as a
leading provider of the latest knowledge about
Biodiversity - more than 11,000 experts and scientists.
• The only environmental organisation with official Observer
Status at the United Nations General Assembly.
WHY CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY?
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth.
Biodiversity provides us with:
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Food
Clean air
Water
Energy
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Shelter
Medicine
Recreation
Inspiration
THE FACTS
• An estimated 40% of the world's economy is based on the use of
biological resources.
• 780 million people lack access to clean water and 2.5 billion lack
adequate sanitation.
• More than 70,000 plant species are used in traditional and modern
medicine.
• Coral reefs provide coastal protection and other valuable services
worth an estimated US$ 170 billion a year.
WHY IS BIODIVERSITY AT RISK?
Species extinctions are continuing at about 1,000 times
the natural rate, calculated from fossil records.
Threats to biodiversity include:
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Habitat destruction
Land conversion for agriculture and
development
Climate change
Pollution
Spread of invasive species
Protected Areas are the Key tool for biodiversity conservation
The BAD news
SCBD
(2010)
GBO3
The Challenge of Climate Change is Additive and Formidable
Predicted percentage of ecological landscape being driven toward changes in
plant species as a result of projected human-induced climate change by 2100.
(Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
The good news
Growth in nationally designated protected areas (1911 - 2011)
25,000,000
Cumulative Terrestrial Area
22,500,000
17,500,000
Cumulative Total Area
15,000,000
12,500,000
10,000,000
7,500,000
Total area protected (km2)
20,000,000
Cumulative Marine Area
5,000,000
2,500,000
0
1911 1916 1921 1926 1931 1936 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Year
Source: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2012) The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA): February 2012. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC.
Parks, People, Planet
Inspiring solutions
• Position protected areas firmly within goals of
economic and community wellbeing
• Increase understanding of their vital role in
conserving biodiversity and delivering
ecosystem services
• Demonstrate how this can be achieved.
Parks
Strengthen policy and
action commitments for
the expansion, connectivity
and better management of
parks and protected areas
to cover all areas important
for biodiversity and
ecosystem services
People
Foster the equitable
governance of parks and
protected areas to
empower communities
(including indigenous
peoples) to become
involved and to benefit
Planet
Explore and promote parks
and protected areas as
natural solutions to global
challenges such as climate
change, food and water
security, health and a green
economy
World Parks Congress Streams
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2.
3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
Reaching Conservation Goals
Responding to Climate Change
Improving Health & Wellbeing
Supporting Human Life
Reconciling Development Challenges
Broadening Governance
Respecting Indigenous and traditional
knowledge and culture
Inspiring a New Generation
And Cross Cutting Themes:
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4.
Marine
World Heritage
Capacity Development
Governance and a social compact for
protected areas
Origins of Stream One
CBD Strategic Plan 2011-2020
“Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding
ecosystems, species and genetic diversity”
The Aichi Targets
Aichi Biodiversity Targets - examples
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Target 1 - By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of
biodiversity
Target 2 - By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been
integrated into national and local development
Target 3 - By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies,
harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed
Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including
forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero,
and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.
Target 7 By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry
are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity
Target 12 By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has
been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those
most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Target 15 By 2020…including restoration of at least 15 per cent of
degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change
mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.
CBD - Target 11
By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial
and inland water areas, and 10 per cent of
coastal and marine areas, especially areas
of particular importance for biodiversity
and ecosystem services, are conserved
through effectively and equitably managed,
ecologically representative and well
connected systems of protected areas and
other effective area-based conservation
measures, and integrated into the wider
landscapes and seascapes.
Global protected areas network:
The largest and fastest change of land management in history
Protected areas*
1962
2012
1,000
>200,000
Terrestrial ecoregion protection
Protection of ecoregions
We need to get here!
We are here!
Costa Rica: National Biological
Corridor Programme
Photo: Roland Seitre
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Change in Forest Cover in Costa Rica
Environmental Services Payment
Environmental services are paid to private landowners that
protect their forests:
1. CO2 effects mitigation
2. Protection of water and watershed for urban, rural or
hydroelectric power
3. Biodiversity protection for conservation
4. Landscape beauty for tourism and scientific use
Type of PES
Amount to pay
Length of contract
Reforestation
$816 / ha
10 years
Protection
$320 / ha
5 years
Restoration
$410 / ha
10 years
Agroforestry
$1.30 / tree
3 years
Sumatran Lowland Rain Forest
Sumatra, Indonesia – Saving the Lowland
Dry Forest
• 53.35 million hectares of natural forest is allocated
for production forest - frequently unsuccessfully
managed, leading to severe degradation and
deforestation of the concession.
• Many IUCN Red Listed Species – predicted end of the
forest (WWF) in 2014
Indonesia – Forest Restoration
• June 2004, the Indonesian Government issued
the Minister of Forestry decree on ‘Ecosystem
Restoration in Production Forests’.
• Joint effort of Burung Indonesia, Royal Society
for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and BirdLife
International
• New model of forest concession that meet
economic goals
• 60 (+35) year forestry concession – no logging
Indonesia – Forest Restoration
• More than 170 'green jobs' have been created in
forest conservation – e.g. tree nurseries in villages
• 100,000 ha conserved
• Planting more than five million trees
• Illegal logging significantly decreased and forest
fires gone
• Asiatic Wild Dog, Malayan Tapir, Great Argus and
Sumatran Tigers (20) using the concession
• Funding from REDD+ carbon credits
• Eight more concessions applied for – in progress
Growth in the number of Locally Managed
Marine Areas (LMMAs), 2000-2009
Govan et al. 2009
Congress Legacy
• Need to rebrand protected areas as solutions to global
problems
• Protecting other values: carbon, watersheds, flood control, wild
food relatives
• Full range of PA governance - private, indigenous, community
• Restoration soluation - degraded habitats within & around PAs.
• Mainstream PAs in development and climate change
adaptation strategies
• More and larger protected areas: better representivity and
more focus on key biodiversity areas
• Connectivity conservation - landscapes/seascapes
Protected Areas:
Natural Solutions
Ecosystems Play a Significant Role
in the Global Carbon Cycle
Forests 35% of land area, 50% terrestrial C
– Remove 2.4 b tons of C per year from the
atmosphere (=1/3 fossil fuel emissions)
Oceans remove another 1.7 b tons C/yr
Wetlands, seagrass beds, mangroves, kelp
forests some of the most efficient C sinks.
Land conversion accounts for 20% global emissions
Deforestation contributes 1.6 b ton C per year.
Peatlands cover 3% land area; but with degradation
accounts for 6% of all fossil fuel CO2 emissions.
(Indonesia 3rd Carbon emissions)
Protected Forests and Water Security
• 33/105 major cities depend on PAs for
domestic water – Jakarta, Quito, New York
• Forests reduce sedimentation – extend life of
irrigation canals and dams e.g. Bogani Nani
Wartabone NP, Nakai Nam Theun2
• Value to downstream agriculture –
Madagascar, Western North America
Measures of success
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Targets reached
Solutions implemented
Capacity developed
Policy changed
Legacy established
See you in Sydney – November , 2014
http://worldparkscongress.org/