Download Human Anatomy & Physiology - Georgia Highlands College

Human Anatomy & Physiology
Instructor: Jeff Hargett
Biology 2121
Important Information
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Email: [email protected]
Background:
Full-Time Experience 28 years (Rome
High)
 Part-Time Experience 12 years (Floyd
College)
Syllabus: On the web at:
http://www.floyd.edu/academics/divisions/
smpe/biology/jhargett/hargett.htm
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Introduction: Anatomy
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Study of the structure of living
organisms
surface anatomy
 gross anatomy
 embryology
 cytology
 histology
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Physiology
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Study of the function of body
parts
cell physiology
 pathophysiology
 exercise physiology
 immunology
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Body Systems
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Integumentary system- external
support and protection of the body
Skeletal system - internal support
and flexible framework for body
movement
Muscular system - production of body
movement and body heat
Respiratory system- gas exchange
between environment and blood
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Nervous system- controls and
regulates all other systems of the
body
Circulatory - transport of nutrients
to body cells and waste products
away from cells
Lymphatic system- body immunity
and absorption of fats
Endocrine system- secretion of
hormones
Urinary system - blood filtration
and waste removal
 Digestive system- breakdown and
absorption of food
 Reproductive system - production
of egg and sperm as well as
secretion of the sex hormones
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Organization of Life
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Structural Levels
chemical
 cellular
 tissue
 organs
 organ systems
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What is Life?
Characteristics of Life
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Organization
Metabolism
catabolism
 anabolism
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Responsiveness
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Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction
Homeostasis
“Homeostasis”
Constancy Within
Narrow Limits
Feedback Loops
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Negative feedback systems
reverses original stimulus
 helps stabilize situation
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Positive feedback systems
enhancement of original stimulus
 amplify/reinforce change
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Anatomical Terminology
Antatomical Position
 Regional Terms
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Axial
 Appendicular
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Body Planes
Sagittal
 Midsagittal (Median)
 Parasagittal
 Frontal (Coronal)
 Transverse (Cross Section)
 Oblique
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Body Cavities
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Dorsal
 Cranial
 Vertebral (Spinal)
Ventral
 Thoracic
 Right & Left Pleural
 Mediastinum (Pericardial)
 Abdominopelvic
Abdominopelvic Subdivisions
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Abdominal
Pelvic
Quadrants
Regions
 Epigastric
 Umbilical
 Hypogastric
 Right & Left Hypochondriac
 Right & Left Lumbar
 Right & Left Iliac (inguinal)
Directional Terminology
Superior / Inferior
 Anterior (ventral) / Posterior
(dorsal)
 Medial / Lateral / Intermediate
 Proximal / Distal
 Superficial / Deep
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Regional Terms
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Abdominal - anterior torso below
diaphragm
Antebrachium - forearm
Antecubital - Depressed area in
front of elbow
Arm - upper extremity between
shoulder and elbow
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Axillary - armpit
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Brachial - arm
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Buccal - mouth
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Carpal - wrist
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Cephalic - head
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Cervical - neck
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Costal - ribs
Cranial - skull
Crural - leg
Cubital - elbow
Cutaneous - skin
Digital - fingers or toes
Dorsum or dorsal - back
Epigastric - upper middle area of
abdomen
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Facial - face
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Femoral - thigh
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Frontal - forehead
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Forearm - upper extremity between
elbow and wrist
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Gluteal - buttocks
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Groin - root of thigh between torso
and leg
Inguinal - groin
Leg - Lower extremity between
knee and ankle
Lumbar - Lower back
Mammary - breast
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Mastoid - Area of skull below and
behind ear
Occipital - Back of lower skull
Palmar - Palm of hand
Pectoral - chest
Pedal - foot
Pelvic - lower torso
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Perineal - area between anus and
genitals
Precordial - chest area over heart
Plantar - sole of foot
Popliteal - behind knee
Supraclavicular - above collar
bone
Tarsal - ankle
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Temporal - side of skull
Thoracic - chest
Umbilical - area around umbilicus
(navel)
Volar - palm or sole