Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Joints
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Articulations and body movements Types of joints 1. Fibrous joints 1. 2. 2. 3. Sutures Syndesmoses Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Plane (gliding) Hinge Pivot Condylooid Saddle Ball and socket 1. Fibrous joints • Characteristics – Joined by fibrous tissue. – No joint cavity. – Seldom movement. • Types – Sutures • Interlocked by connective tissues and irregular edges between bones (skull). – Syndesmoses • Articulated bones connected by ligaments and bones that do not interlock. (Fibula and Tibia) – Gomphosis: tooth secured by periodontal ligament. Fibrous joints Fibula Tibia Ligament Dense fibrous connective tissue (a) Suture Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Suture line (b) Syndesmosis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. 2. Cartilaginous joints • Characteristic – Articulating bone ends are connected by a plate of cartilage. – Types • Sympheses (growing together): connected by a flat disc of fibrous cartilage (intervertebral joints and pubic syphesis). • Synchondroses: Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage (ribs-sternum or epiphyseal plates). Cartilaginous joints Synchondroses Sternum (manubrium) Epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) Joint between first rib and sternum (immovable) (a) (b) Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc Body of vertebra (c) Symphyses Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. 3. Synovial joints • Characteristics – Articulating bones are separated in a cavity containing synovial fluid. – Uniaxial or multiaxial movement. – Joint surfaces are enclosed in a 2 layered articular capsule (connective tissue). – Inner layer: synovial membrane (smooth) – Articular (hyaline) cartilage covers the bone surfaces. – Articular capsule may be reinforced with ligaments containing abursae (fluid filled sacs to reduce friction). – Fibrocartilage may be present in the capsule. General structure of a synovial joint Periosteum Ligament Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid) Articular (hyaline) cartilage Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane Articular capsule (b) (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Friction-reducing structures: Bursae and tendon sheaths Coracoacromial ligament Subacromial bursa Acromion of scapula Coracoacromial ligament Subacromial bursa Fibrous articular capsule Cavity in bursa containing Glenoid cavity synovial fluid containing synovial fluid Hyaline cartilage Tendon sheath (b) Synovial membrane Fibrous capsule Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Humerus (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. • Types of synovial joints – Plane – Hinge – Pivot – Condyloid – Saddle – Ball and socket Movements Some Synovial joints • • • • Knee joint Hip joint Temporomandibular joint Joint disorders – Sprains – Dislocation Knee joint Tendon of quadriceps femoris Femur Articular capsule Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament Tibia (a) Suprapatellar bursa Patella Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Synovial cavity Lateral meniscus Infrapatellar fat pad Fibular collateral ligament Lateral condyle of femur Posterior cruciate ligament Medial condyle Tibial collateral ligament Lateral meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament Tibia Medial meniscus Deep infrapatellar bursa Patellar ligament Fibula Patellar ligament Patella Quadriceps tendon (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The hip joint Anterior inferior iliac spine Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischium Greater trochanter (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Greater trochanter of femur (d) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The temporomandibular (jaw) joint Articular cartilage covering the mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Zygomatic process Infratemporal fossa Mandibular fossa Articular capsule External acoustic meatus Articular capsule (a) Articular disc Articular tubercle Superior joint cavity Neck of mandible Lateral ligament Synovial membranes Mandibular condyle Neck of mandible Inferior joint cavity (b) (c) Laterial excursion Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The elbow joint Articular capsule Synovial membrane Humerus Synovial cavity Articular cartilage Fat pad Tendon of triceps muscle Bursa Coronoid process Tendon of biceps muscle Ulna Trochlea Articular cartilage of the trochlear notch (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The elbow joint Humerus Anular ligament Radius Lateral epicondyle Articular capsule Radial collateral ligament Olecranon process Ulna (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. A common knee injury Lateral Hockey puck Patella (outline) Medial Tibial collateral ligament (torn) Medial meniscus (torn) Anterior cruciate ligament (torn) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Knee joint Tendon of quadriceps femoris Femur Suprapatellar bursa Articular capsule Patella Posterior cruciate ligament Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Lateral meniscus Lateral meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament Tibia Synovial cavity Infrapatellar fat pad Deep infrapatellar bursa Patellar ligament (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Knee joint Fibular collateral ligament Lateral condyle of femur Posterior cruciate ligament Medial condyle Tibial collateral ligament Lateral meniscus Anterior cruciate ligament Tibia Medial meniscus Patellar ligament Fibula Patella Quadriceps tendon (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Knee joint Quadriceps femoris muscle Medial femoral condyle Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus on medial tibial condyle Patella Lateral patellar retinaculum Fibular collateral ligament Medial patellar retinaculum Tibial collateral ligament Patellar ligament (d) Fibula Tibia (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Knee joint Quadriceps femoris muscle Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Patella Lateral patellar retinaculum Fibular collateral ligament Fibula Medial patellar retinaculum Tibial collateral ligament Patellar ligament Tibia (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Knee joint Medial femoral condyle Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus on medial tibial condyle (d) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The elbow joint Humerus Anular ligament Articular capsule Radius Coronoid process Medial epicondyle Ulnar (medial) collateral ligament Ulna (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The elbow joint Articular capsule Anular ligament Humerus Coronoid process Medial epicondyle Radius Ulnar collateral ligament Ulna (d) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The shoulder joint Acromion Coracoacromial ligament Subacromial bursa Coracohumeral ligament Greater tubercle of humerus Transverse humeral ligament Tendon sheath Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Coracoid process Articular capsule reinforced by glenohumeral ligaments Subscapular bursa Tendon of the subscapularis muscle Scapula (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The shoulder joint Acromion Coracoid process Articular capsule Glenoid cavity Glenoid labrum Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle Glenohumeral ligaments Tendon of the subscapularis muscle Scapula (b) Posterior Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Anterior Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The shoulder joint Acromion (cut) Head of humerus Muscle of rotator cuff (cut) Glenoid cavity of scapula Capsule of shoulder joint (opened) (c) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The hip joint Acetabular labrum Coxal (hip) bone Articular cartilage Acetabular labrum Femur Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres) Synovial membrane Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres) Head of femur Articular capsule (cut) Synovial cavity Articular capsule (b) (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The temporomandibular (jaw) joint Articular cartilage covering the mandibular fossa Articular tubercle Zygomatic process Infratemporal fossa Mandibular fossa Articular capsule External acoustic meatus Articular capsule (a) Articular disc Articular tubercle Superior joint cavity Neck of mandible Lateral ligament Synovial membranes Mandibular condyle Neck of mandible Inferior joint cavity (b) (c) Laterial excursion Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The temporomandibular (jaw) joint Articular tubercle Zygomatic process Infratemporal fossa Mandibular fossa External acoustic meatus Articular capsule (a) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Lateral ligament Neck of mandible Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The temporomandibular (jaw) joint Articular cartilage covering the mandibular fossa Articular disc Articular tubercle Superior joint cavity Articular capsule Synovial membranes Mandibular condyle Neck of mandible (b) Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Inferior joint cavity Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Related documents