Download 10d_wcr

Muscular System
Part D
Prepared by Alexander Cheroske and W. Rose.
Some figures from Martini et al., Visual A&P,
and Marieb & Hoehn, Human Anat. & Physiol..
Muscles labelled in light gray are not on “Muscles_to_know.html”
and will not be on test.
Portions copyright Pearson Education
Muscles that move the thigh
Originate on pelvis & associated ligaments & fascia
Iliac crest
Sacrum
Gluteal Group
Gluteus medius
(cut)
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
(cut)
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
Iliotibial tract
Gluteal muscles, posterior view
Lateral view of the gluteal region
Figure 10.16
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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–
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Muscles that move the thigh
A&P Flix: Muscles that Act on the Hip Joint and Femur:
An Overview
A&P Flix: Anterior Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint
A&P Flix: Medial Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint
A&P Flix: Posterior Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint
A&P Flix: Movement at the Hip Joint: An Overview
A&P Flix: Movement at the Hip Joint
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles that move the thigh
Sartorius
Gluteus Maximus
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gluteus Medius
Iliiopsoas
Semimembranosus
Pectineus
Semitendinosus
Rectus Femoris
Biceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles that move the thigh
Originate on pelvis & associated ligaments & fascia
Iliopsoas Group
Gluteal Group
Gluteus
maximus
(cut)
Gluteus Gluteus
medius minimus
(cut)
Tensor
fasciae
latae
An anterior view showing the
isolated iliopsoas muscle
group and the adductor group
Psoas major
Iliacus
L5
Lateral Rotator
Group
Inguinal ligament
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Adductor Group
Obturator internus
Pectineus
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis
Inferior gemellus
Adductor longus
Quadratus femoris
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Ischial tuberosity
Iliotibial tract
A lateral view of a dissection of the gluteal region
Figure 10.16
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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–
4
Muscles that move the leg
Iliac crest
Originate
on pelvis
& femur
Anterior superior
iliac spine
Inguinal ligament
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae
latae
Iliacus
Psoas major
Iliopsoas
Pubic tubercle
Tensor fasciae
latae
Gluteus maximus
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Iliotibial tract
SM BF
ST
SM+ ST+BF=hamstrings.
SM+ST=lat ham.
BF=med ham.
ST, SM, & BF long head
originate on post ischium.
BF short head from post
femur. Longer distal
tendon on ST compared to
SM, hence the name.
Distally, belly of SM
medial to belly of ST.
Knee
flexors:
hamstrings
© 2011 Pearson Education,
Inc.
& popliteus
Flexors of the Knee
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Extensors of the Knee
(Quadriceps muscles)
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
(lies deep to the
rectus femoris and
vastus lateralis)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps tendon
Semimembranosus
Sartorius
Patella
Popliteus
Patellar ligament
Knee extensors:
quadriceps femoris
Figure 10.17
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Figure 1. Drawings illustrate the
three muscles in the posterior
compartment of the thigh that
together constitute the hamstring
muscle complex. The short head
of the biceps femoris muscle is
deep to the long head. The
tendinous nature of the
semitendinosus muscle inferiorly
is appreciated, as is its raphe. The
origin of the semimembranosus
muscle is noted to be
superolateral to the conjoint
tendon.
[Right thigh posterior views.]
Hamstring Muscle Complex: An Imaging Review. Koulouris G, Connell D. RadioGraphics 25: 571-586, 2005.
http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/25/3/571.long. Good review of normal hamstring anatomy and
function in gait, followed by review of injuries and imaging – mostly MRI with some ultrasound.
Muscles that move the leg
Anterior Knee Extensors
Posterior Knee Flexors/Thigh Extenders
Knee Joint Movement
Medial thigh adductors
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles that move the leg
Thigh cross section
POSTERIOR
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sciatic nerve
Adductor magnus
Biceps femoris
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Vastus lateralis
MEDIAL
Great saphenous vein
Vastus intermedius
Sartorius
Femur
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
ANTERIOR
Figure 10.17
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles that move foot and toes
Multiple muscle layers in posterior leg
Deep Dissection
Superficial Dissection
Ankle Extensors
Plantaris
Head of fibula
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus
Soleus
Ankle Extensors
(Deep)
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Digital Flexors
Gastrocnemius
(cut and removed)
Flexor digitorum
longus
Flexor hallucis
longus
Calcaneal
tendon
Calcaneus
Tendon of flexor digitorum
longus
Tendon of fibularis brevis
Tendon of fibularis
longus
Figure 10.18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Extrinsic muscles that move foot and toes
Animation: Appendicular Muscles: Leg and Foot
Muscles that the Act on Ankle and Foot: Overview
Anterior Muscles that Act on the Ankle and Foot
Lateral Muscles that Act on the Ankle and Foot
Posterior Muscles that Act on the Ankle and Foot
Movements of the Ankle and Foot
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles that move foot and toes
Lateral View
Medial View
Patella
Iliotibial tract
Head of fibula
Ankle Extensors
Gastrocnemius
Fibularis longus
Patellar
ligament
Ankle Flexors
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Digital Extensors
Calcaneal tendon
Inferior extensor
retinaculum
Ankle Extensors
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularis brevis
Superior extensor
retinaculum
Medial surface
of tibial shaft
Extensor digitorum
longus
Tendon of extensor
hallucis longus
Tendon of
tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Superior extensor
retinaculum
Calcaneal tendon
Inferior extensor
retinaculum
Figure 10.18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Muscles that move foot & toes
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibularis Longus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Superior view of foot
showing muscles of
foot and toes
Lateral malleolus
of fibula
Inferior extensor
retinaculum
Tendons of extensor
digitorum longus
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Foot, Toes 2–5
Superior extensor
retinaculum
Medial malleolus
of tibia
Tendon of
tibialis anterior
Intrinsic Muscles
of the Foot, Great Toe
Extensor hallucis
brevis
Abductor hallucis
Dorsal interossei
Tendons of extensor
digitorum brevis
Tendon of extensor
hallucis longus
Figure 10.19
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Clinical Example: 69 y.o. male at E.R.
Sx: Stabbing pain &
swelling in R leg
commenced suddenly,
upon standing from
sitting position.
Hx: At age 13, R
Achilles tendon was
partially severed.
Repair was attempted.
R gastrox smaller than
L since then, but no
pain or loss of mobility
until now.
Physical exam:
Ruptured Achilles
tendon suspected.
Diagnostic studies:
Plain radiographs
shows ruptured
calcified Achilles
tendon.
Dx: Ruptured calcified
Achilles tendon
Wick and Rieger (2008) NEJM 358: 2618
Muscle Actions of the Leg: Summary

Leg muscles:

Plantar flex and evert the foot (lateral
compartment)

Plantar flex the foot and flex the toes (posterior
compartment)

Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes (anterior
compartment)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Muscle Actions of the Leg: Summary
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.24b
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings