Download About Bones - the School District of Palm Beach County

Congress Middle School
Pre-Medical Magnet
Program
2008
Presented by: Diana Herec, Medical
Magnet Coordinator
Human A & P
Anatomy and Physiology
The Cranium
The skull forms the skeleton of the head,
and consists of the following:
• The cranium
• The mandible
• The hyoid bone at the base of the tongue
The Following Anterior View Shows:
#1: Parietal bone
#3: Temporal bone
#6: Mental foramen
#7: Mandible
#10: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic bone
#13: Frontal bone
Anterior View of Cranium
#1: Parietal
#3: Temporal
#6: Mental Foramen
#7: Mandible
#10: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic
#13: Frontal
Let’s See, that was:
#1: Parietal bone
#3: Temporal bone
#6: Mental foramen
#7: Mandible
#10: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic bone
#13: Frontal bone
Now You Try!
#’s 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13
#1: Parietal
#3: Temporal
#6: Mental foramen
#7: Mandible
#10: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic
#13: Frontal
The Neurocranium
• The neurocranium surrounds and protects
the brain and part of the brain stem
The Lower Skull
• The facial cranium is the lower part of the
skull that underlies the face
• 14 bones make up the facial cranium
• You will not need to know all 14 for this
class
The Following Posterior View Shows:
#1: Sagittal suture
#3: Temporal bone
#4: Lambdoid suture
#5: Mastoid process
#6: Mandible
#8: Occipital bone
#9: Parietal bone
Cranium – Posterior
#1: Sagittal suture
#3: Temporal bone
#4: Lambdoid suture
#5: Mastoid process
#6: Mandible
#8: Occipital bone
#9: Parietal bone
Let’s See, that was the:
#1: Sagittal suture
#3: Temporal bone
#4: Lambdoid suture
#5: Mastoid process
#6: Mandible
#8: Occipital bone
#9: Parietal bone
Now You Try!
#’s 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
#1: Sagittal suture
#3: Temporal bone
#4: Lambdoid suture
#5: Mastoid process
#6: Mandible
#8: Occipital bone
#9: Parietal bone
The Following Lateral View Shows:
#2: Parietal bone
#3: Lambdoid suture
#4: Occipital bone
#8: Mandible
#9: Maxilla
#11: Nasal bone
#14: Frontal bone
#15: Coronal Suture
Cranium – Lateral View
#1: Parietal bone
#2: Lambdoid suture
#3: Occipital bone
#4: Mastoid process
#5: Mandible
#6: Mental foramen
#8: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic
#12: Nasal bone
#17: Frontal bone
#18: Coronal suture
Let’s See, that was:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
#1: Parietal bone
#2: Lambdoid suture
#3: Occipital bone
#4: Mastoid process
#5: Mandible
#6: Mental foramen
#8: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic
#12: Nasal bone
#17: Frontal bone
#18: Coronal suture
Now You Try!
#’s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 17, 18
#1: Parietal bone
#2: Lambdoid suture
#3: Occipital bone
#4: Mastoid process
#5: Mandible
#6: Mental foramen
#8: Maxilla
#11: Zygomatic
#12: Nasal bone
#17: Frontal bone
#18: Coronal suture
Articulations
The four major bones of the neurocranium:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
These bones join at sutures, which are bound
together by fibrous connective tissue
Articulations
• The base of the skull articulates with the
atlas (C1), the first cervical vertebra of the
vertebral column
• The mandible articulates with the two
temporal bones on each side at the
temporomandibular joint
Individual Vertebrae
• The following views are vertebrae from the
human spinal column
• Some are neck vertebrae and others are
mid- and lower-back vertebrae
• Most vertebrae consist (are made up of)
the same parts
Cervical Vertebrae – C1 and C2
Superior View
What are the names for C1 and C2?
Answer: C1=Atlas and C2=Axis
What is unique about these two
vertebrae?
Answer: They articulate for head nod
and pivot
What is the difference between C1
and all other vertebrae?
Answer: C1 has no body or spinous
process – it is basically a “ring”
C1 and C2
Let’s see, we said that C 1 was called what? Hint:
Maps of the world are also known as this
Answer: Atlas
And the name for C2? Hint: The earth spins on this
Answer: Axis
C1 is shaped like this piece of jewelry.
Answer: a ring
Cervical Vertebrae – C1 and C2
Superior View continued…
Do you recognize view #1?
Answer: C1-7 Cervical
Vertebrae
Do you recognize view #6?
Answer: Spinous process of
Axis
Do you recognize view #7?
Answer: Transverse process
of Axis
Do you recognize view #9?
Answer: Body of Axis
Name views 1, 6, 7, and 9
Cervical vertebrae 1-7
Spinous process of axis
Transverse process of axis
Body of axis
Axis is your 2nd neck
vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae C3-7, Superior View
Do you recognize view #1?
Answer: C1-7 Cervical Vertebrae
Do you recognize view #2?
Answer: Spinous process
Do you recognize view #6?
Answer: Transverse process
Do you recognize view #7?
Answer: Body
Do you recognize view #9?
Answer: Vertebral foramen
Thoracic Vertebra – Superior View
How many thoracic vertebrae are
in the human body?
Answer: 12 (T1-12)
T1-12 lie between the cervical
and lumbar regions and attached
to what bones?
Answer: ribs
The articular processes project up
and down from the left and right
sides of the vertebral arch and
form joints. What are these joints
called?
Answer: Facet joints
Thoracic Vertebra – Superior View
continued…
Do you know view #4?
Answer: Spinous process
Do you know view #5?
Answer: Vertebral body
Do you know View #6?
Answer; Vertebral foramen
Numbers 3 and 7 are facet joints
Did you notice that all vertebrae
except C1 and 2 are practically
the same?
Lumbar Vertebra – Superior View
How many lumbar vertebrae are
in the human body?
Answer: five (L1-5)
Do you know view #3?
Answer: Spinous process
Do you know view #7?
Answer: Body
Do you know view #8?
Answer: Transverse process
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
• Each thoracic vertebrae, like most all vertebrae,
have similar structures: a body, vertebral arch,
spinous process, pair of transverse processes
and two pairs of articular processes
• Lumbar vertebrae are the largest in the body.
Their large size directly relates to weight-bearing
responsibilities
The Spinal Column
Can you name views #1-5?
Answers: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar,
Sacrum, Coccyx
What directional view is this spine facing?
Answer: posterior
Can you name views #6-9?
#6: Transverse process; #7: Spinous
processes; #8: C2/Axis; #9: C1/Atlas
Spinal Column Articulations
• The vertebral column is flexible due to its many
articulations
• Although acting as a single unit, it is really the sum of
many small movements (at joints between the vertebrae)
• Each vertebra forms three separate joints with the
vertebra above or below it: with a pair of facet joints and
a single anterior intervertebral joint
• T1-10 articulate with rib pairs 1-10
Spinal Column continued…
Do you know the directional view we
are looking at now?
Answer: lateral
Is this view a left or right view?
Answer: left
Again, can you name the five regions
of the human spinal column?
Answer:
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacrum
5. Coccyx
Spinal Column continued…
Do you know what view #1 represents?
Answer: Intervertebral disks
Do you know what #4 represents?
Answer: Lumbar vertebrae
Do you know what #2 and #3
represent?
Answer: #2=sacrum and #3=coccyx
The Following are Arms and Legs.
They Include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Extremities – Legs
Can you name view #13?
Answer: Talus bones
Can you name view #14?
Answer: Fibula
Can you name view #15?
Answer: Tibia
Can you name view #16?
Patella
Can you name view #17?
Answer: Femur
Talus Bone
• Although considered a foot bone, the talus
articulates with the tibia and fibula at the
ankle joint
• We will learn more about the feet and
hands later in term 3
Extremities -- Arms
Can you differentiate between the front and
back view of these arm photos? Explain.
Answer: Left is front and Right is back view.
Ribs show on front and scapula shows on
back
Can you name view #2?
Answer: Humerus
Can you name view #3?
Answer: radius
Can you name view # 4?
Answer: Ulna
Let’s Name the Arm and Leg Bones Again
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Humerus, our upper arm
Radius, our lower arm
Ulna, also our lower arm
Femur, our upper leg
Tibia, our lower leg
Fibula, also our lower leg
Talus, a foot/ankle bone
Next, The Pelvic
Our pelvic consists of the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sacroiliac joint
Greater sciatic foramen
Femur
Ischium
Coccyx
Sacrospinous ligament
Ilium
Pelvic
Can you name view #1?
Answer: Sacroiliac joint
Can you name view #3?
Answer: Greater sciatic foramen
Can you name view #4?
Answer: Femur
Can you name view #5?
Answer: Ischium
Can you name view #8
Answer: Coccyx
Can you name view #9?
Answer: Sacrospinous ligament
Can you name view #11?
Answer: Ilium
Pelvic continued…
How can you tell this is an anterior view
of the pelvic?
Answer: rings and body of vertebrae can
be seen
Name view #1.
Answer: Iliac crest
Name view #2.
Answer: Anterior superior iliac spine
Name view #6.
Answer: Ischium
Name view #10.
Answer: Coccyx
Name view #12.
Answer: Sacrum
Name view #14.
Answer: Ilium
Pelvic Articulation with Femur
Can you identify view #1?
Answer: Head of the femur
Can you identify view #2?
Answer: Ligament of head of femur
Note that the ligament has been cut to
reveal the socket where the head of the
femur fits into
Can you identify view #3?
Answer: Ischium
Can you identify view #6?
Answer: Ilium
Coming Soon!!!
• Thoracic Region
Please Pronounce the Following
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Cranium
Mandible
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Mental foramen
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone
Neurocranium
Please Say the Following:
11. Sagittal suture
12. Lambdoid suture
13. Coronal suture
14. Articulation
15. Cervical
16. Thoracic
17. Lumbar
18. Sacrum
19. Coccyx
20. Spinous process
Say these:
21. Atlas
22. Axis
23. Vertebral
24. Humerus
25. Radius
26. Ulna
27. Femur
28. Tibia
29. Fibula
30. Talus
foramen